UC-NRLF
BERKELEY
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA
' .
fcARTH
SCIENCES
LIBRARY
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
BEQUEST OF
Theodore S. Palmer
A
CHECK-LIST
OF
MAMMALS
OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT
THE WEST INDIES
AND THE
NEIGHBORING SEAS
SUPPLEMENT
BY
DANIEL GIRAUD ELLIOT, D. S. C., F. R. S. E., ETC.
EDITED BY J. A. ALLEN
PUBLISHED BY THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
NEW YORK
1917
GIFT
EARTH
SCIENCES
LIBRARY
EDITORIAL NOTE.
In 1904, the late D. G. Elliot published ' A Check-List of the Mam-
mals of the North American Continent^ the West Indies, and the
Neighboring Seas.' 1 Shortly before his death he prepared the man-
uscript for a supplement to this work, carrying the subject to about
the end of the year 1914. On examination, at the request of his
daughter, Miss Margaret H. Elliot, this manuscript was found to be
practically ready for the press, and was submitted by her to the
authorities of the American Museum of Natural History for publica-
tion at her expense, under the auspices of the Museum, provided it
proved acceptable. It is here presented as written, with only such
revision and verification of references as the circumstances of posthu-
mous publication naturally require.
The original edition of the Check-List gave fully the bibliographi-
cal references required in a modern check-list, together with the type
localities and geographic distribution of the forms included, and also
references to his previous works 2 where full descriptions of the forms
are given. The species and subspecies included in the Supplement
have for the most part been described since the publication of his
earlier works, on which the Check-List was based, and it was evidently
the author's intention to make this publication not only a supplement
to the Check-List, but a continuation of his preceding two manuals of
the subject, by giving descriptions of forms added as well as the usual
check-list matter. As known to his fellow- workers, it was his custom
to base his descriptions on the type specimens of the species and sub-
species involved, instead of compiling from the original descriptions.
For this reason the descriptive portion of this supplement is incom-
plete, in cases where the type specimens chance to be in foreign
museums or in the museums of the Pacific coast and Canada. De-
scriptions of some of the forms published in 1914 had also not been
completed, especially with reference to the measurements of the skulls.
The Editor regrets that it proved impracticable to have these blanks
1 Field Columbian Museum | Publication 105 | Zoological Series Vol. VI | A I
Check List | of | Mammals | of the | North American Continent | the | West Indies!
and the | Neighboring Seas | By | Daniel Giraud Elliot, F. R. S. E., etc. | Curator of
Department | — | [Seal] Chicago, U. S. A. | 1905 — 8vo, pp. i-v, 1-761.
2 Synopsis of North American Mammals, 1901, and Mammals of Middle America
and the West Indies, 1905.
620
filled, at least without causing much delay in the publication of the
work, thus leaving a few of the descriptions incomplete.
It is to be noted that the Supplement contains many changes in
generic nomenclature from that of the original Check-List, many
groups treated in the latter as subgenera being here given the rank of
genera, while the changes in generic names shown to be necessary
since the publication of the Check-List are duly recorded in the
present supplement.
J. A. ALLEN.
American Museum of Natural History.
January 8, 1917.
iv
CLASS MAMMALIA.
Order Marsupialia. Marsupials.
Family Didelphiidae. Opossums.
Genus Chironectes (i).
1 Chironectes panamensis Goldman.
Chironectes panamensis Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll., LXIII, 1914,
No. 5, p. i.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 2000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala into Colombia.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. minimus of Guiana in size and color;
but cranial characters different. Braincase longer; lambdoid crest
projecting over foramen magnum; nasals longer, ends pointed, sides
not constricted; fronto-parietal suture convex posteriorly; sagittal
crest developed.
Color. Pattern as in C. minimus, grayish white, light brown and
black; the crescentic band over eyes less distinct; black of forearms
extending to first phalanges of the three middle digits; base of tail
dark all around; rest like C. minimus. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 651; tail, 386; hind foot, 72.
Skull: Greatest length, 74.2; Hensel, 69.2; zygomatic width, 43.8;
intertemporal width, 14.1; length of nasals, 33; palatal length, 45.6;
length of upper molar series, 26.4; length of mandible, 57.2; length of
lower molar series, 29.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Marmosa (2).
Marmosa ruatanica Goldman.
Marmosa ruatanica Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911,
P. 237.
Type locality. Ruatan Island, off north coast of Honduras.
1 This separates the water opossum of South America from that of Central
America, heretofore considered as one and the same species, and limits the range
of C. panamensis from Guatemala into Colombia.
Z MARMOSA.
Genl. Char. Top of head smoky brown; broad line down center
of face paler; orbital markings black, extending to nose; upperparts
of body cinnamon; underparts cream color tinged with yellow; tail
dusky, lightest on apical half; hands and feet whitish; ears dark
brown. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total, length, 338; tail, 188; hind foot, 24.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 40.5; zygomatic width, 22.7; intertem-
poral width, 5.8; length of nasals, 17.7; palatal length, 21; length of
upper molar series,. 6; length of mandible, 28.7; length of lower molar
series, 8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Marmosa z^ledoni Goldman.
Marmosa zeledoni Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911,
p. 238.
Type locality. Navarro, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Near to M. americana, but more rufescent; inter-
parietal narrower.
Color. Face light cinnamon-rufous; cheeks, sides of neck, flanks
reaching nearly to middle of belly ochraceous-buff; upperparts cin-
namon-rufous; throat, chest, middle of belly and inner side of limbs
yellowish white; tail light brown; hands brownish; hind feet whitish;
ear brown. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 345; tail, 168; hind foot, 23.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 33.9; Hensel, 29; zygomatic width,
19.2; • intertemporal width, 6.5; length of nasals, 16.2; length of
upper molar series, 11.7; length of palate, 18.2; length of mandible,
23.8; length of lower molar series, 12.7. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Marmosa isthmica Goldman.
Marmosa isthmica Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, 1912, No. 36,
p. i.
Type locality. Rio Indio, near Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Size large; skull similar to that of M. chapmani, but
rostrum narrower; teeth and audital processes of alisphenoid smaller.
Color. Head and upperparts brownish cinnamon; middle of face
lighter; orbital ring black; sides of neck and flanks ochraceous-buff;
underparts creamy buff; tail above light brownish, beneath tawny
ochraceous; hands brownish to base of fingers; toes and hind feet
whitish; ears brown. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 385; tail, 215; hind foot, 28.
MARMOSA. O
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 43; Hensel, 36.4; zygomatic width,
23.7; intertemporal width, 6.2; length of nasals, 20; palatal length,
21.5; length of upper molar series, 13.7; length of mandible, 30.6;
length of lower molar series, 14.4. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Marmosa gaumeri Osgood.
Marmosa gaumeri Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
P- 175-
Type locality. Yaxcaba, southwest of Chichen Itza, Yucatan,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M . canescens, but smaller. Skull small
and narrow.
Color. Upperparts dull brownish fawn mixed with dusky, this
hue extending down outer sides of fore and hind legs; orbital ring
blackish brown; cheeks, underparts and inner side of limbs pale cream
color; tail above brownish drab, paler beneath; feet cream white.
Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 205; tail, 105; hind foot, 15.
Skull: Greatest length, 304; zygomatic breadth, 17.3; interorbital
constriction, 5.1; occipito-nasal length, 29.2; Hensel, 23; length of
nasals, 12.2; palatal length, 16.1; length of upper tooth row, 12.3,
including canines. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Marmosa mayensis Osgood.
Marmosa mayensis Osgood, Proc. BioL Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 176.
Type locality. Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like M. mexicana but paler. Type in Field Museum
of Natural History.
Color. Upperparts cinnamon mixed with dusky; flanks cinnamon;
orbital ring black; underparts creamy white, base of hair on sides
slate color; tail drab-brown. Type in Field Museum of Natural
History.
Measurements. Total length, 228; tail, 118; ear, 15.
Marmosa invicta Goldman.
Marmosa invicta Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912, p. 3.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama.
Color. Upperparts blackish slate; (the type is rusty, however,
from the occiput); between shoulders to the lower part of the dorsal
4 PERAMYS. PHILANDER.
region and between eyes mouse-gray; flanks blackish slate ; underparts
and lower side of limbs silvery white ; hairs on scrotum white to roots ;
chin, lips and lower part of cheeks white ; antorbital spot black; wrists
and ankles dusky; tail above dark, beneath paler. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 248; tail, 137; hind foot, 19.
Skull: Total length, 30.7; Hensel, 27.5; zygomatic width, 16; inter-
temporal width,. 6.1; length of nasals, 13.8; length of upper molar
series, 11.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Peramys.
Peramys Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim. Mamm., 1842, p. 187.
Type, Didelphys brachyura Schreber.
Peramys melanops Goldman.
Peramys melanops Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912,
p. 20.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 2000 feet.
Color. Head and top of upperparts cinnamon, grading into almost
black at rump; cheeks and sides cinnamon; throat and sides of belly
mouse-color; a median stripe, buffy on neck, changes to white and
broadens out until it occupies most of the chest and then narrows
again from chest to root of tail ; chin with a central white spot ; hands,
feet and tail black; ears dusky. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 168; tail, 60; hind foot, 16.5.
Skull: (broken). Total length, 26.8; Hensel, 25; length of nasals,
13.7; length of upper molar series, 9.5; length of mandible, 19.1;
length of lower molar series, 9.6. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Philander.
Philander Brisson, Reg. Anim., 1762, p. 207. Type Didelphis
philander Linn.
Philander centralis Hollister.
Philander centralis Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 103.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Median facial stripe, orbital ring, stripe behind eye
and side of nose Prout's-brown; muzzle, cheeks and forehead grayish
PHILANDER. 5
light buff; lengthened buffy white stripe from scapular region to
middle of back; rest of upperparts, shoulders and flanks to lumbar
region bright Hay's-russet; rest of back to tail, thighs and hind legs
hazel; arms and entire underparts with inner side of hind legs colonial-
buff; hands flesh-color; feet burnt-umber; tail at base blackish,
slightly mottled on anterior portion, remainder flesh-color to tip.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 530; tail, 270; hind foot, 40 (skin).
Skull: Total length, 57.1; Hensel, 49; zygomatic width, 33; inter-
temporal width, 8.5; length of nasals, 21.4; length of upper molar
series, 17.9; length of mandibles, 38.9; length of lower molar series,
20. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Philander laniger nauticus Thomas.
Philander laniger nauticus Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th
Ser., XII, 1913, p. 359.
Type locality. Gobernador Island, off the west coast of Panama.
Type in British Museum.
Genl. Char. "Most nearly allied to P. I. pallidus, to which it has
hitherto been referred, but the brown color usual in the members of
the group less reduced, the general color being about sayal-brown in
all four specimens as compared with the nearly completely gray color
of eight examples of true pallidus. Head, little paler than body. No
withers-mark perceptible. Under surface pale buffy. Fore arms
and wrists buffy whitish. Hind limbs pale brown" (Thomas, /. c.).
I have not seen this species.
Philander laniger aztecus Thomas.
Philander laniger aztecus Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th
Ser., XII, 1913, p. 359.
Type locality. San Juan de la Punta, Verz Cruz, Mexico. Type
in British Museum.
Color . ' ' Colors brightly contrasted. General color rich ferruginou s .
Crown grey to behind level of ears. Withers-streak large, white, promi-
nent. Rump and outer sides of hips grey all across, the grey also
passing on to the hairy part of the tail. Forearms and wrists promi-
nently white. Hind legs ferruginous. Under surface and inner side
of limbs buffy whitish, the hairs not darkened basally." (Thomas, I. c.).
Measurements. None given.
I have not seen this species.
Philander laniger fervidus Thomas.
Philander laniger fervidus Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th
Ser., XII, 1913, p. 359.
6 PHILANDER. METACHIRUS.
Type locality. Guatemala. Type in British Museum.
Color. "Colours very deep and strong throughout. General
colour rich cinnamon-rufous, the lighter markings yellow instead oi
grey. Head yellow to level of ears. Withers-mark well developed
strongly contrasted, buffy yellow. Under surface pale buffy yellow
the belly tending more towards ferruginous. Fore limbs to wrists
buffy yellow. Hind limbs deep ferruginous. Naked part of tar
wholly dark brown to end." (Thomas, I. c.).
Measurements. None given.
Species not seen by me.
Philander nicaraguse (Thomas).
Marmosa cinerea nicaragua Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., yth
Ser., XVI, 1905, p. 313.
Type locality. Bluefields, Nicaragua. Type in British Museum,
Genl. Char. Similar to C. alstoni Allen; fur shorter, the hairs oj
back 8-9 mm. long; tail very long. Skull as in C. alstoni.
Color. Above grayish brown; beneath cream-buff; hairs of chest
middle of abdomen and inguinal region buffy to their bases; hands
and feet pale gray; tail blackish for three-fifths its length, remaindei
of tip white.
Measurements. Total length, 448; tail, 281; hind foot, 28.5;
ear, 29. Skull: Basal length, 42.7; greatest breadth, 25; length oi
molars, 7.7.
Genus Metachirus (4).
Metachirus nudicaudatus dentaneus Goldman.
Metachirus nudicaudatus dentaneus Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll..
LVI, 1912, No. 36, p. 2.
Type locality. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. n. colombianus, but dentition heavier
zygoma lighter and first three upper molars more deeply emarginate.
Color. Top of head black ; orbital rings and sides of muzzle black-
ish; cheeks, spot above eyes, and about ears ochraceous-buff; upper-
parts and outer side of hind legs wood-brown; dorsal line blackish
shoulders suffused with plumbeous, caused by the dark under fui
showing; underparts and inner side of hind legs yellowish white
outer side of arms grayish tinged with buff; hands dusky, fingers and
outer side of tarsus whitish; hind feet white; tail above dusky,
beneath paler, tip white. Ex type in United States National Museum
Measurements. Total length, 597; tail, 332; hind foot, 48.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 61.2; Hensel, 56.9; zygomatic width.
DIDELPHIS.
31.7; intertemporal width, 9.3; length of nasals, 30; palatal length,
34.5; length of upper molar series, 21.5; length of lower molar series,
46.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Didelphis (5).
Didelphis marsupialis insularis Allen.
Didelphis marsupialis insularis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XVI, 1902, p. 259; Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and West
Indies, F. C. M. Pub., IV, Pt. i, 1904, p. 17, Zool. Ser.; Id.,
Check L. Mamm. N. Amer. Cont. and West Indies, F. C. M.
Pub., VI, 1905, p. 7, Zool. Ser.; Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XXV, 1912, p. 93.
Type locality. Caparo, Island of Trinidad.
Geogr. Dist. Islands of Dominica, Grenada and St. Vincent, West
Indies.
To the above-named islands, must be added Martinique, according
to Hollister (/. c.}, three specimens in all of this Opossum, now in the
National Museum, having been procured there by Commodore Perry
in 1862, and by F. Ober in 1878.
Order Edentata. Edentates.
Family Bradipodidse. Sloths.
Genus Bradypus (7).
Bradypus ignavus Goldman.
Bradypus ignavus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No. 22,
p. i.
Type locality. Marraganti, near the head of tide water on the Ric
Tuyra, eastern Panama, about two miles above Real des Santa Marias.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. griseus but more spotted above with
white. Skull with the nasals shorter, and emarginate anteriorly.
Color. Facial lines and space about eyes black; remainder of face
covered with short hairs whitish in color; ruff with rusty brown edg-
ings; upperparts grayish drab spotted irregularly .with white, most
conspicuous on the rump; chin blackish, throat and upperpart oi
chest rusty brown; abdomen and inner side of limbs pale drab-gray
outer side of limbs similar to back. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 641; tail, 47; hind foot, 132
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 78*5; Hensel, 67.6; zygomatic width
47.5; intertemporal width, 21.8; length of upper molar series, 20.5:
length of mandible, 51.8; length of lower molar series, 21.5. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Family Dasypodidae. Armadillos.
Subfamily Dasypodinae.
Genus Dasypus.
Dasypus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 50. Type by tautonymy
Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus.
Dasypus novemcinctus fenestratus Peters.
Dasypus fenestratus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss., Aead. Wiss,
Berlin, 1864, p. 186.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
8
DASYPUS.
Dasypus novemcinctus hoplites G. M. Allen.
Dasypus novemcinctus hoplites G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., LIV, 1911, p. 195.
Type locality. Hills back of Gouyave, Grenada, Lesser Antilles.
Dasypus novemcinctus texanus (Bailey).
Tatu novemcinctum texanum Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905,
p. 52. Texas Armadillo.
Type locality. Brownsville, Texas.
Geogr. Dist. Southwestern Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. mexicanus; dentition heavier; lachry-
mal bone larger and more triangular, and plates on forehead and wrists
larger. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 800; tail vertebrae, 370; hind foot,
100. Skull: Basal length, 81; occipito-nasal length, 100; length of
nasals, 36; zygomatic breadth, 43; mastoid width, 29; length of
upper molar series, 27; of lower molar series, 27. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Order Cetacea. Cetaceans.
Family Physeteridae. Toothed Whales.
Genus Mesoplodon (23).
Mesoplodon mirum True.
Mesoplodon mirum True, Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, p. i; Id.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLV, 1913, p. 651, pis. 52-57.
•Type locality. Bird Island, Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina.
Genl. Char. "Teeth at the extremity of the mandible small,
entirely concealed by the integument (in the adult female) . Mandibu-
lar symphysis one-fourth the length of the mandible. No basirostral
groove. External free border of the lacrymal bone one-half the length
of the orbit; its anterior end curved upward and appearing on the
superior surface of the skull where it joins the antero-external angle
of the frontal plate of the maxilla. Maxillary prominences short and
directed obliquely outward anteriorly, the extremity close to the
maxillary notch. Maxillary foramina behind the premaxillary fora-
mina. Frontal plates of maxillae approximately one-half as broad
as long."
Color. Upperparts slate-black; lower parts of flanks and under-
parts yellowish purple, spotted with black; middle of belly darker;
in front of vent a grayish spot; fins slate-black like upperparts.
Measurements. Total length, 16 feet; width at flukes, 4 ft., 8 in.;
tip of snout to origin of dorsal, 9 ft.; tip of snout to origin of pectoral;
3 ft. 8 in.; tip of snout to vent, n ft.; length of pectoral, i ft. 8 in.;
greatest depth of body, 3 ft. 5 in. Skull: total length, 810 mm.;
length of rostrum, 496; length from tip of rostrum to inferior border
of pterygoids, — ; width across center of orbits, 325; width across
zygomatic processes, 375; breadth of middle of back, 60; length from
posterior border of maxillary foramen to end of maxillary protuberance,
63; length of portion of vomer visible on palate, 162; length of man-
dible, 668; length of symphysis, 193; greatest height of mandible
opposite coronoid process, 117. True, ex type in United States
National Museum.
10
Order Ungulata. Hoofed Quadrupeds.
Family Tayassuidae. Peccaries.
Genus Pecari.
Pecari Reichenbach, Bildergal. Thierw., Heft. 6, 1835, p. i. Type
by monotypy Sus torquatus Cuvier.
Tayassu albirostris spiradens Goldman.
Tayassu albirostris spiradens Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXV, 1912, p.. 189.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Like T. a. ringens: facial white areas more extensive;
molars broader, first lower premolars smaller; median frontal outline
of braincase more arched; lower premolars narrowed anteriorly, and
mandibular tooth rows more evenly tapering.
Color. Upperparts black coarsely mixed with tawny, the black
showing mostly on back and rump, the tawny on head, neck, shoulders
and flanks; muzzle and triangular area from mouth to nearly beneath
ears buff; feet buffy. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Greatest length, 280.5; zygomatic width,
120; intertemporal width, 65; length of upper molar series, 76.7;
length of mandible, 196; length of lower molar series, 82.8. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Family Cervidse.
Subfamily Cervinae.
Genus Rangifer (38).
Rangifer excelsifrons Hollister.
Rangifer excelsifrons Hollister, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, No. 35,
1912, p. 5.
Type locality. , Meade River, near Point Barrow, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Skull alone known. This is short and broad with a
high braincase; facial angle about 45 degrees.
Color. As no skin was obtained, the color of the species cannot
be described.
11
12 RANGIFER.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 378; Hensel, 345; zygomatic
width, 140; inter temporal width, 151.5; length of nasals, 119; palatal
length, 230; length of upper tooth row, 92.5; length of mandible, 292;
length of lower tooth row, 97.4; Ex type in United States National
Museum.
This form would seem to be nearest to R. grcenlandicus, but the
braincase is narrower although it has a similar elevation; more
material is necessary before the status of this form can be satisfactorily
established.
Rangifer fortidens Hollister.
Rangifer fortidens Hollister, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, No. 35, 1912,
P- 3-
Type locality. Head of Moose Pass, branch of Smoky River,
Alberta, Canada.
Genl. Char. Size large; color dark; teeth large; antler stout,
greatly palmated. Skull, while generally exceeding in the size of all
its parts, the largest skull of any described species of Caribou; the
present one seems to differ in having the posterior internal cusp of
both the third and fourth lower premolars separated from the rest
of the pattern of the crown by a deep depression; the cusp-bearing
ridge being at right angle to the tooth's longitudinal axis. Female
normally, apparently without antlers.
Color. Head blackish brown; neck grayish brown; shoulders
and body both above and beneath, brownish black; a small white
mane upon the throat; small white patch on the rump; underparts
black; groin white; legs and feet blackish brown, the latter with a
white border around hoofs: tail brownish black with a white border.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 2370; tail, 150; hind foot, 690.
Skull: Total length, 447; occipito-nasal length, 348; Hensel, 398;
zygomatic width, 156; intertemporal width, 125; length of nasals,
151; length of palate, 268; length of upper tooth row, in; length of
mandible, 333; length of lower tooth row, 117. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Rangifer caribou sylvestris (Richardson).
Cervus tarandus var. B. sylvestris Rich., Fauna Boreali Amer., I,
1829, p. 250; Hollister, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, No. 35, 1912,
p. 4.
In this paper Mr. Hollister has elevated the animal from the
southeastern shores of Hudson Bay, named by Richardson sylvestris
(I. c.) to a distinct race, giving as its characters a darker color; hairs
ALCES. ODONTOCCELUS. 13
brown to the roots; a longer and more slender skull; narrower ros-
trum; larger teeth, with, consequently, longer tooth rows, and longer
nasals. The comparison was made with four skulls of adult Caribou
from Manitoba and Keewatin, and ten (adult ?) from eastern Canada
and Maine.
Genus Alces (39).
Alces columbae Lydekker.
Alces columbce Lydekker, The Field, London, 109, 1907, p. 182.
Type locality. "Ontario," Canada.
Alces americanus shirasi Nelson.
Alces americanus shirasi Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 72.
Type locality. Snake River, 4 miles south of Yellowstone Park,
Lincoln County, Wyoming.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Rocky Mountains in Wyoming, Montana
and Idaho.
Genl. Char. Winter Pelage. Neck above, and back, pale rusty
yellowish brown, washed with dusky on tips of hairs; ears paler;
hoofs smaller.
Color. Top of head pale rusty brown; muzzle dusky brown, lips
bordered with grayish white; upper part of neck and back pale
yellowish brown, tips of hairs dusky; sides, upper part of limbs, and
under side of body, except lower abdomen and inguinal region which
are pale buffy, black; front legs from knees to hoofs, and lower part
of hind legs dusky 'brown; under side of neck mixed black and rusty
brown; ears behind dull brownish gray, front of ears buffy whitish.
Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 2540; hind foot, 762; length of
front hoof, 130 (Collector).
Genus Odontocoelus (41).
Odontocoelus rothschildi chiriquensis Allen.
Odocoileus (!) rothschildi chiriquensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., XXVIII, 1910, p. 95.
Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui.
Color. Top of head and nose fuscous; sides of head ochraceous-
buff ; neck and upperparts have all the hairs tipped with light ochra-
ceous, rest of hairs blackish; flanks and outer side of limbs light
ochraceous; long hairs on rump ochraceous-orange ; on each side
14 ODONTOCCELUS. MAZAMA.
of the tail, on rump, a white space; chin white crossed by a blackish
brown band; throat white; under part of neck, and abdomen light
ochraceous-salmon ; inguinal region white; inner side of fore legs to
below knee white; tail above like back, beneath white.' Ex type,
female, in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 2902; tail, 311; hind foot, 241;
ear, 254 (not type). Skull: Total length, 212; occipito-nasal length,
177; Hensel, 181; zygomatic width, 81.4; interorbital width, 51.3;
length of nasals, 59.1; length of upper molar series, 68.6; length of
mandible, 165; length of lower molar series, l 71.5. Ex type in Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History.
The type, a female, was not fully adult, but the skin was the only
one obtained. A number of skulls of males with the horns attached
were procured. The antlers resemble those of 0. rothschildi Thomas
but are larger. The following are the measurements of male:
Skull: No. 18,957, as given by Dr. J. A. Allen: "Greatest length,
222; basal length, 200; greatest breadth, 88; nasals, length, 65;
nasals, breadth, 23; muzzle to orbit, 112; breadth of braincase, 58;
muzzle to anterior premolar, 65; alv. length of upper tooth row, 57;
crown length, 60; alv. length of lower tooth row, 65."
Odontoccelus americanus louisianae G. M. Allen.
Odoccelus (!) mrginianus louisiance G. M. Allen, Am. Nat., XXXV,
1901, p. 449.
Type locality. Mer Rouge, Morehouse Parish, Louisiana.
Genus Mazama.
Mazama Rafmesque, Amer. Month. Mag., I, 1817, p. 363. Type,
Mazama pita Rafin. = Cervus rufus Illiger.
Mazama tema reperticia Goldman.
Mazama tema reperticia Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No.
22, p. 2.
Type locality. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. tema but larger and less rufescent.
Skull larger and correspondingly different in measurements.
Color. Top of head, middle of face and upper side of neck, black-
ish; space about eyes rusty red; cheeks drab-gray; upperparts dull
cinnamon-rufous, median line darker; chin and throat white; under
1 Last molar not fully developed.
ANTILOCAPRA. 15
side of neck drab-gray; chest and anterior portion of abdomen fawn
color, posterior portion white; inner side of thighs white; a white
spot on upper lip; tail above cinnamon-rufuous, beneath white;
feet brownish drab. Ex type United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1.114; tail, 130. Skull: Total
length, 184; occipito-nasal length, 162; Hensel, 162; zygomatic width,
80; intertemporal width, 41; palatal length, 107.4; length from arch
to incisive foramina, 71.7; length of nasals, 59.5; length of upper
molar series, 51.7; length of mandible, 141.3; length of lower molar
series, 59. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Family Antilocapridae. Antelopes.
Genus Antilocapra (43).
Antilocapra americana peninsularis Nelson.
Antilocapra americana peninsularis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXV, 1912, p. 107.
Type locality. 45 miles south of Calmalli, Lower California, Mex-
ico.
Genl. Char. Horns shorter, rough; molar series heavier than in
A. americana; slight differences in color of pelage.
Color. Compared with A. americana. Like that species, but the
black border on terminal half of ears is broader, and the terminal third
of the outer side of ears is blackish, the tips being pure black; rufous
area on top of tail extends forward as a well-marked bar dividing the
white rump-patch. Size of the two forms about the same. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: total length, 287; occipito-nasal length,
237; Hensel, 249; length of nasals, 107.3; length of upper tooth row,
69.7; length from palatal arch to incisive foramina, 118.1; length of
mandible, 173; length of lower tooth row, -72.8. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
I cannot perceive any characters sufficient, in my opinion, to sepa-
rate this animal from typical americana. Those mentioned by Mr.
Nelson, both of color of coat and difference in skull, are individualistic,
rather than specific, and on comparing the type skull with those of
typical americana , the molar series are not found to be any heavier.
I therefore regard peninsularis as the same as americana of which it
would be a synonym.
16 OREAMNOS. OVIS.
Family Bovidae. Oxen, Sheep, Goats.
Subfamily Rupicaprinae.
Genus Oreamnos (44).
In the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, XXV,
1912, p. 185, Mr. Hollister in a paper on the species of this genus shows
that the names of three must be changed as follows:
Oreamnos americanus americanus (Blainville) .
Ovis montanus Ord, Guthrie's Geog., 2d. Amer. ed., II, 1915, p. 292
(nee Ovis montana, Schreb., 1804; nee Ovis montana Tiedemann
1908).
Oreamnos americanus missoulse, emendation for Oreamnos montanus
missoula Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, XX, p. 20.
Oreamnos americanus Columbian, emendation for Oreamnos montanus
columbianus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, 1904, p. 20.
Genus Ovis (45).
Ovis cervina californiana Douglas.
Oms californianus Douglas, Zool. Journ., IV, 1829, p. 332.
Type locality. Near Mount Adams, Yakima County, Washington.
Genl. Char. Smaller than O. cervina; horns lighter, in shape like
those of O. stonei, but with less spread.
As it was supposed that there were no typical examples of this
species in any museum, this form was considered synonymous with
0. cervina, but Mr. Hollister has stated, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV,
1912, p. 187, that a specimen has been presented to the National
Museum from the Methow River, Washington, and that it is a valid
species.
Ovis canadensis gaillardi Mearns.
Ovis canadensis gaillardi Mearns, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 56, Pt. i
1907, p. 240.
Type locality. Gila. Mountains between Tijanas Altas, and the
Mexican Boundary Line, in Yuma County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Low desert ranges south of the Gila, and east of the
ovis. 17
Colorado River, south into Sonora, Mexico, as far as Seriland, opposite
Tiburon Island in the Gulf of California.
Genl. Char. Size small, muzzle dark-colored; horns long and
strongly incurved; no white on throat.
Color, Winter Pelage. Rump, belly and posterior surface of limbs
white ; rest of body with neck and head ecru-drab, darkest on shoulders,
hips and middle of back; vertebral stripe; tail dark brown; the white
rump divided by a stripe of the same color. Summer Pelage. General
color pale rusty buff, darkening to drab on neck.
Measurements. Total length, 1200; tail vertebrae, 120; ear from
crown, 120; fore foot with hoof, 270; hind foot with hoof, 315; height
at shoulders, 770; at hip, 870; length of horn, .163.
The type specimen is very young, and about half -grown, with the
second and third molars not yet above the jaw. From a number of
examples in the United States National Museum, the following descrip-
tion and measurements are taken from an adult male.
Color. Nose and lips white; head, cheeks and throat whitey
brown ; rest of neck and chest bistre, darkest on chest ; middle of back
grayish brown ; rest of back and flanks pale brussels-brown with many
white tips to the hairs, giving a shimmering effect; a white patch on
rump, divided in the middle by a dark seal-brown line; underparts
white; thighs and front part of limbs bistre, hind part white; tail
bistre.
Measurements. Skull: Total length about 300; occipito-nasal
length, 227; Hensel, 260; length of nasals, 124.6; length of upper
molar series, 85.6; length of mandible, 222; length of lower molar
series, 92.2; length of horns along curve, 825; circumference of horn
at base, 363; spread of horns at tips, 695.
Ovis cervina sierrae Grinnell.
Ovis cervina sierra Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, 1912, p. 144.
Type locality. East slope of Mount Baxter, Sierra Nevada, Inyo
County, California, altitude, 11,000 feet.
Ovis cervina texana Bailey.
Ovis canadensis texianus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912,
p. 109.
Type locality. Guadalupe Mountains, El Paso County, Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. mexicanus but darker. Chief characters
the very narrow muzzle, nasals and palate. Horns of female long, thin
and slender, molars heavy.
Color. Upperparts dull buffy brown; rump-patch pure white
with a narrow medium dark line; nose whitish; belly whitish; whit-
18 ovis.
ish line down inner side of legs to hoofs. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1530; tail broken; hind foot, 355;
ear from notch, 90. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 227; Hensel, 246;
zygomatic width, 113; greatest width of nasals, 35; width of palate,
between second molars, 42; length of upper tooth row, 90; length of
lower tooth row, 92; width over orbits, 150; width at base of horns,
100. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Ovis cowani Rothschild.
Ovis cowani Rothsch., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1907, p. 238.
Type locality. Mountain chain near Mount Logan, British
Columbia.
Order Rodentia. Rodents.
Family Sciuridae. Squirrels, Marmots.
Subfamily Sciurinae.
Genus Sciurus (50).
Subgenus B. Baiosciurus.
Sciurus deppei matagalpa Allen.
Sciurus deppei matagalpa Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV,
1908, p. 660.
Type locality. • San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. deppei but upperparts yellowish brown
instead of rusty brown.
Color. Head, entire upperparts, flanks and outer side of limbs,
mixed antimony-yellow and black, the first color being restricted to the
tips of the hairs, the dark one being the hue of the under fur; throat
white ; rest of underparts and inner side of limbs antimony-yellow, like
the tips of the hairs on upperparts; tail above antimony-yellow and
black, outer edge white, beneath mixed black and white, and edged
with white; hands and feet antimony-yellow like outer side of limbs.
Ex type in American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Measurements. Total length, 554; tail, 240; hind foot, 45.9.
Skull: Total length, 48.9; Hensel, 38.9; zygomatic width, 29; inter-
temporal width, 15.3; length of nasals, 15.3; length of upper molar
series, 8.2; length of mandible, 24.7; length of lower molar series,
8.7. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Subgenus C. Guerlinguetus.
Sciurus variabilis choco Goldman.
Sciurus variabilis choco Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No.
22, p. 4.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 3,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. v. morulus but darker.
Color. Top of head blackish; cheeks brownish buff; lips pale buff ;
upperparts light ochraceous-buff to tawny ochraceous lined with black ;
dorsal stripe from, shoulders to base of tail black; shoulders and sides
ochraceous-rufous; outer sides of forearms ochraceous-rufous mixed
19
20 SCIURUS.
with black; outer side of hind legs light ochraceous-buff; underparts
and inner side of limbs ' ochraceous-ruf ous ; (some specimens have
white axillae, pectoral and inguinal regions and on the center of abdo-
men) ; tail above blackish on basal fourth, then ochraceous-ruf ous with
the tip black, beneath buff and black with a black submarginal stripe
edged with ochraceous-ruf ous; hands and feet mixed blackish and buff;
ears blackish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 444; tail, 209; hind foot, 61. Skull:
Hensel, 41.1; zygomatic width, 22.7; intertemporal width, 18; length
of nasals, 18.8; palatal length, 29.7; length of upper molar series, 9.8;
length of mandible, 27.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subgenus G. Echinosciurus.
Sciurus poliopus tepicanus Allen.
Sciurus poliopus tepicanus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXII, 1906, p. 243.
Type locality. Rancho Palo Amarillo, near Amatlan de Cafias,
Tepic, Mexico. Altitude, 5,000 feet.
Color. Head in front of ears to end of nose black with white dots
intermixed; rest of crown and nape mixed warm buff and black;
upperpart and middle of back and outer side of limbs grizzled gray;
lower back and rump warm buff like nape; underparts and inner side
of limbs white; tail above and below with the hairs ringed black and
white, but with less black showing on the under than on the upper part ;
hands and feet white; a white patch behind ears. Ex type in Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History, New York.
Measurements. Total length, 600; tail, 300; hind foot, 60.
Skull: Total length, 58.8; Hensel, 45.1; zygomatic width, 34.6; inter-
temporal width, 18; length of nasals, 16.6; length of upper molar
series, 11.4; length of mandible, 30.2; length of lower molar series,
n. 2. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Sciurus socialis littoralis Nelson.
Sciurus socialis littoralis Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 87.
Type locality. Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Dist. Coastal hills of southern Oaxaca near Puerto Angel.
Genl. Char. Similar to but paler than S. socialis.
Color. Upperparts iron-gray like S. socialis but more whitish;
nape-patch dark rufous; underpart and inner side of legs dark rufous;
a patch of whitish behind base of ears; top of head iron-gray, around
eyes dark rufous ; cheeks whitish; tail, median part on both upper and-
SCIURUS. 21
under side rufous, overlaid above by black and washed with whitish,
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 526; tail, 273; hind foot, 67. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 58.8; Hensel, 45.5; zygomatic width, 34.5;
intertemporal width, 17.3; length of nasals-, 17.2; length of palate, 26;
length of upper molar series, 10.8; length of mandible, 27.7; length of
lower molar series, 11.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sciurus boothiae annalium Thomas.
Sciurus boothice annalium Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th
Ser., XVI, 1905, p. 309.
Type locality. Honduras. Type in British Museum.
Genl. CTiar. "As in S. boothice, but belly grey instead of white."
Color. "Above as in boothia but less heavily blackened. Under
surface and inner side of limbs uniformly dull grizzled greyish (between
1 drab-grey ' and 'hair-brown'), not defined laterally from the colour of
the sides. Ears with a narrow black edging ; the small patch behind their
posterior bases dull greyish white. Upper surface of hands and feet
black. Tail-hairs black, annulated along the middle line below with dull
whitish, and tipped with white, but less broadly than in true boothia."
Measurements. "Head and body 250 mm.; tail, 250; hind foot,
s. u. 51, c. u. 55 (the second specimen larger: hind foot, s. u. 57,
c. u. 61)."
"Length of upper tooth row, exclusive of small premolar, 10."
(Thomas, /. c.).
I have not seen this species.
Sciurus variegatoides helveolus Goldman.
Sciurus variegatoides helveolus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI.
No. 36, 1912, p. 3.
Type locality. Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. variegatoides but paler on limbs and
underparts.
Color. Top of head and back grizzled black and pale buff; muzzle
and sides of head buffy gray; outer side of limbs, flanks, underparts,
hands and feet pale buff; tail above at base grizzled like back, re-
mainder black and white, the latter hue on tips of hairs; beneath
ochraceous-buff in the center bordered with black with an outer
edging of white; ears with pale buff patches and broad black borders.
Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 508; tail, 255; hind foot, 63.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, — ; Hensel, — ; zygomatic breadth,
34.2; intertemporal width, 21; length of nasals, 19.3; palatal length,
26.7. Type in United States National Museum.
22 MICROSCIURUS.
1 Genus Microsciurus.
Microsciurus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VII, 1895, p. 332.
Type Sciurus alfari Allen.
Microsciurus alfari venustulus Goldman.
Microsciurus alfari venustulus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI,
1912, p. 4.
Type locality. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. alfari but less red; nasals narrower,
and jugal weaker.
Color. Top of head and cheeks cinnamon-rufous; upperparts and
outer sides of limbs grizzled cinnamon-rufous, the hairs having sub-
terminal reddish bands and black tips; underparts and under sides of
limbs grayish brown suffused with cinnamon-rufous; hands and feet
dark rusty brown; tail above grizzled black and cinnamon-rufous,
with a broad edge of the latter color; beneath cinnamon-rufous and
black, the latter predominating. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail, 102; hind foot, 40. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 36.5; Hensel, 26.9; zygomatic width, 23.2;
intertemporal width, 14; length of nasals, 10.5; palatal length, 15;
length of upper molar series (anterior premolar absent), 5.4; length
of mandible, 8; length of lower molar series, 6.1. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Microsciurus isthmius vivatus Goldman.
Microsciurus isthmius vivatus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1912,
No. 2, p. 4.
Type locality. Near Cana, in the Pirri range of mountains, eastern
Panama. Altitude 3500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. isthmius but paler, more olivaceous;
underparts orange-buff, not ferruginous.
Color. Head and upperparts and outer side of limbs orange-buff,
palest on cheeks; underparts and inner side of arms orange-buff,
palest on middle of belly, and darkest on inner side of hind legs where
the dark under fur shows through; hands and feet tawny-ochraceous ;
tail above grizzled black and buff, beneath tawny-ochraceous; margi-
nal stripe black edged with grayish buff, tip black. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 113; hind foot, 38.
1 Proposed as a subgenus by Dr. Allen (/. c.) and so employed in the Check- List,
p. 60, but raised to full generic rank by Goldman (I.e.).
EUTAMIAS. 23
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 38.2; intertemporal width, 13.4; zygo-
matic width, 22.5; length of nasals, 10.7; length of upper molar series,
6.1; length of mandible, 17.2; length of lower molar series, 6.2. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
1 Genus Eutamias.
Eutamias Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. in Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Sci.
d'Angers, X, 1880, p. 86. Type, Sciurus striatus asiaticus
Gmelin.
Eutamias merriami meridionalis Nelson and Goldman.
Eutamias merriami meridionalis Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc.,
XXII, 1909, p. 23.
Type locality. Aguaje de San Esteban, about 25 miles northwest
of San Ignacio, Lower California.
Genl. Char. Similar to E. m. obscura, but smaller and grayer.
Color. Top of head grizzled gray and brown and bordered with
reddish brown; reddish brown stripe through eye, and one from cheek
to below eye; dorsal stripe rusty brown becoming blackish on lower
back; middle pair of stripes rusty brown like median; inner pair of
light stripes gray; outer pair paler gray; flanks and outer side of arms
pale buff; rump and outer side of legs pale grizzled gray; hands and
feet and front of arms pale gray tinged with buffy; tail above blackish
washed with buffy gray and margined with white, beneath rusty-
rufous with a black margin edged with white. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 237; tail, 117; hind foot, 33.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 35.4; Hensel, 28.7; zygomatic width,
18.2; intertemporal width, 12; length of nasals, 9.6; length of upper
molar series, 5.2; length of mandible, 16.2; length of lower molar
series, 5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Eutamias ludibundus Hollister.
Eutamias ludibundus Hollister, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, No. 26, 1911,
p. i.
Type locality. Yellowhead Lake, British Columbia. Altitude,
3700 feet.
Genl. Char. Nearest to E. luteiventris but larger, flanks darker;
yellow on underparts absent.
Color. Top of head, rump and outer side of hind legs grizzled hair-
brown; five black dorsal stripes; two inner light stripes grayish;
1 Employed as a subgenus in the Check-List, p. 85.
24 EUTAMIAS.
outer pair mixed white and grayish; facial stripes brownish black;
cheeks, shoulders, flanks, and outer side of fore legs, dark cinnamon;
underparts whitish, tinged on sides of belly with cinnamon-tawny;
tail above mixed black and dark buff, lateral black band bordered
with olive beneath, central portion russet; hands and feet wood-brown;
ears on outer side blackish, inner side brownish. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 222; tail, 96; hind foot, 34. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 33.4; Hensel, 26.7; zygomatic width, 19.6;
intertemporal width, 7 ; length of nasals, 10; length of upper tooth row,
5.2; length of mandible, 17.4; length of lower tooth row, 15.1; Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Eutamias amoenus propinquus Anthony.
Eutamias amcenus propinquus Anthony, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXXII, 1913, p. 6.
Type locality. Ironside, Malheur County, Oregon.
Genl. Char. Similar to E. amcenus, but the orange hue in the pelage
generally darker and richer.
Color. Facial stripes dark orange inclining to black ; stripe behind
eye almost wholly black; top of head mixed buff and black; sides of
neck, shoulders, flanks and hips ochraceous-orange ; five black dorsal
stripes; inner pair of light stripes ochraceous, outer pair buffy white;
rump grayish; underparts and inner side of limbs buffy white; tail
above with two black lateral stripes, central part mixed orange and
black, beneath, ochraceous-orange, tip black, hairs tipped with ochra-
ceous-orange; hands and feet warm buff. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 207; tail, 90; hind foot, 32. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 32.4; Hensel, 25.3; zygomatic width, 18; inter-
temporal width, 6.9; length of nasals, 10; length of upper molar series,
5.4; length of mandible, 13.4; length of lower molar series, 5.8. Ex
type in American Museum of Natural History.
The examples of this form were obtained in August and September,
mostly during the latter month, and all are in fresh pelage. Speci-
mens of E. amoenus in the same pelage are practically indistinguishable,
but as a rule the Ironside examples are darker, a deeper orange. It
would be interesting to know if they assume the gray pelage of amcenus
at any season of the year.
Eutamias nexus (Elliot).
Tamias nexus Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, p. 233.
Type locality. Coyotes, State of Durango, Mexico.
EUTAMIAS. 25
Geogr. Dist. State of Durango, Mexico. Range unknown.
Gent. Char. Darker generally than either T. bulleri or T. duranga.
Light dorsal stripes reddish not gray; rump and thighs much darker;
light face-stripes not so pure white; underparts mostly plumbeous on
sides and belly, not white, and middle of tail beneath chestnut, not
buff nor ochraceous-buff as in the other forms named.
Color. Top of head iron-gray, black stripe from nose above eye
nearly to ear, and one from nose to eye becoming dark chestnut behind
eye to ear; yellowish white stripe from nose between the black ones
becoming a narrow line above eye and a broader one beneath eye;
broad chestnut stripe from nose across cheeks to beneath ear. Gray-
ish white patches behind ears; back of neck, shoulders, flanks, upper
side of arms from wrists and thighs to ankles dark gray tinged on
shoulders and flanks with yellowish; median black dorsal stripe from
head to root of tail bordered on either side with a rufous and gray
stripe, followed by a blackish chestnut stripe, succeeded by an outer-
most stripe of ochraceous, the outermost of all being dark chestnut.
There are thus five dark stripes and four lighter ones, the middle
pale ones being so tinged with red as to give the dorsal region a chest-
nut hue. Rump rufous; underparts from chin to and including breast
white, remainder plumbeous with a whitish line through center of
abdomen. Tail above black edged with white, beneath chestnut
bordered with black and edged with white, tip black also edged with
white. Hands and feet whitish gray; ears externally black on anterior
half, gray on posterior. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 235; tail, 91; hind foot, 27; ear, 21.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 38; Hensel, 30; interorbital construc-
tion, 9; zygomatic width, 21; mas toid breadth, 17; palatal length, 16;
length of nasals, 12; width of rostrum posteriorly, 7; length of upper
molar series, 6; length of mandible to tip of incisors, 23; length of
lower molar series, 6.
Eutamias pallidus cacodemus Gary.
Eutamias pallidus cacodemus Gary, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX,
1906, p. 89.
Type locality. Sheep Mountain, Big Bad Lands, Fall River County,
South Dakota.
Genl. Char. Size somewhat larger than E. pallidus Allen, color
paler.
Color. Forehead gray; facial stripes pale buffy ochraceous; sides
and back of neck and flanks grayish white, slightly tinged with buff;
rump grayish white; median dorsal stripe blackish mixed with ochra-
ceous; lateral stripes pale ochraceous-buff, tinged with olive; middle
26 EUTAMIAS.
pair of light stripes cream-gray, outer pair white; underparts white;
tail beneath, cream color, narrow submarginal band black, hairs on
edge tipped with white, above mixed black and white, the hairs being
white banded with black; hands and feet grayish white. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 210; tail, 101; hind foot, 34. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 32; Hensel, 24.1; zygomatic width, 17.5; inter-
temporal width, 6.8; length of nasals, n.i; length of upper molar
series, 5.5; length of mandible, 13.5; length of lower molar series, 5.5.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Eutamias atristriatus Bailey.
Eutamias atristriatus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 129.
Type locality. Penasco Creek, 12 miles east of Cloudcroft, Sacra-
mento Mountains, New Mexico. Altitude, 7400 feet.
Genl. Char. Like E. operarius but larger and darker. Skull nar-
rower.
Color. Top of head grizzled brown and gray; two uppermost
facial stripes blackish, lowest dark rufous; stripes between these
whitish; sides of throat buff; shoulders grayish washed with buff;
sides of neck in front of shoulders and flanks orange ; rump and thighs
dark brownish gray; arms buffy gray; underparts and inner sides of
limbs buffy white; hands whitish, feet buff; tail above, the hairs
deep buff at base, then black and tipped with white; beneath, ochra-
ceous with black marginal band, the hairs tipped with ochraceous;
ears black anteriorly, white posteriorly. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail, 114; hind foot, 32. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 33.9; Hensel, 26.1; zygomatic width, 18; inter-
temporal width, 73; length of nasals, 9.1; palatal length, 14.1; length
of upper molar series, 4.7; length of mandible, 24.2; length of lower
molar series, 4.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Eutamias cinereicollis cinereus Bailey.
Eutamias cinereicollis cinereus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVI, 1913, p. 130.
Type locality. Copper Canon, Magdalena Mountains, New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Paler and grayer than cinereicollis.
Color. Top of head and nose mixed gray; nape, sides of neck and
shoulders gray ; face white with three rufous stripes, one bordering top
of head, one from ear through eye to upper lip, and one from beneath
ear to upper lip; three blackish stripes along middle of back, and a
EUTAMIAS. * 27
dark chestnut one on upper edge of flanks; two middle pale stripes
gray, outer pair white; rump and outer side of thighs and limbs gray;
flanks buff; underparts white, dark under fur showing through; tail
above black, tips of hairs white, their bases buff, chestnut on basal
half of hairs, remainder black with white tips, beneath pchraceous
with black marginal band with whitish hairs ; hands and feet grayish,
buff tinged; ears dusky in front and white behind. Ex type in United
States National 'Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 225; tail, 91; hind foot, 33. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 35.9; Hensel, 28.6; zygomatic width, 19.4;
intertemporal width, 8.1; length of nasals, 9.5; palatal length, 14.6;
length of upper molar series, 5.6; length of mandible, 16.1; length of
lower molar series, 5.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Eutamias quadrivittatus ahimosus Warren.
Eutamias quadrivittatus animosus Warren, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 105.
Type locality. Irwin's Ranch, Tp. 29 S., R. 52 W., Las Animas
County, Colorado. Altitude 5,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Pelage very pale in color.
Color. Top of head and shoulders gray; facial stripes narrow,
blackish; post-auricular spot large, whitish; flanks grayish; median
dorsal stripes blackish, bordered with rufous or pale chestnut; inner
pair pale chestnut-rufous darkest posteriorly; outer pair and flanks
pale yellowish rufous, outer pair of stripes barely distinguishable
from sides; underparts white; tail above rusty and black, beneath
pale bright rufous. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 247; tail, 115; hind foot, 37. Skull:
Total length, 36.3; Hensel, 27.2; zygomatic breadth, 19.8; inter-
temporal width, 12.9; length of nasals, 8; palatal length, 15.8; length
of upper molar series, 6; length of mandible, 16.6; length of lower
molar series, 9.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Eutamias minimus caryi Merriam.
Eutamias minimus caryi Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908,
P- 143-
Type locality. Medano Ranch, San Luis Valley, Colorado.
Genl. Char. I^ike T. minimus but paler.
Color. General hue pale gray; inner pair of light stripes pale gray;
top of head gray tinged with brown; rest of upperparts and inner
pair of light stripes pale gray; outer pair white; median stripe pale
brown, becoming black in center of back; other stripes pale brown
darkest posteriorly; thighs gray; feet and hands whitish; flanks pale
28 CITELLUS.
buff; tail above, the hairs are buff at base, then black and tipped with
buff; beneath, dark buff in center with marginal brownish black bands
and buffy white tips. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 194; tail, 87; hind foot, 30. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 30; Hensel, 24.2; zygomatic width, 17.3; inter-
temporal width, 6; length of nasals, 10.8; palatal length, 12.7; length
of upper molar series, 5; length of mandible, 11.2; length of lower
molar series, 5.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Citellus (52). Spermophiles.
Subgenus A. l Ammospermophilus.
Citellus leucurus insularis (Nelson and Goldman).
Ammospermophilus leucurus insularis Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, p. 24.
Type locality. Espiritu Santa Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. leucurus but larger; tail beneath grizzled
with black.
Color. Top of head and upperparts of body and flanks fawn-color;
a white stripe on each side of back; shoulders and outer side of hind
legs dull fawn-color; cheeks, side of neck, lower parts of flanks whitish;
tail above blackish with white intermixed, and a white subterminal
band; beneath whitish grizzled wi h black and bordered with black.
Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 232; tail, 77; hind foot, 36. Skull:
Total length, 41.8; Hensel, 32.4; zygomatic width, 24.6; intertempo-
ral width, 10.5; length of nasals, 12.6; length of palate, 18.6; length
of upper molar series, 6.4; length of mandible, 18.4; length of lower
molar series, 7.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subgenus C. Ictidomys.
Citellus tridecemlineatus hollisteri Bailey.
Citellus tridecemlineatus hollisteri Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVI, 1913, p. 131.
Type locality. Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. Altitude,
8000 feet.
1 1 fail to find any distinctions in this subgenus or in Callospermophilus so tren-
chant as to require their selection from the rest of the subgenera of Citellus for full
specific rank.
CITELLUS. 29
Genl. Char. Smaller and darker than C. alleni. Zygomatic
arches heavier, more widely spread.
Color. Nose yellowish brown; top of head and upper parts dark
chestnut-brown; six whitish stripes from head to tail, and four rows
of whitish spots between the pale stripes, the space between the
median stripes having a buff-white line from the nape to beyond
shoulders; outer side of arms and thighs deep buff; uhderparts, flanks,
and inner side of limbs cream color; lips white; tail above like back
at base, rest tinged black and whitish buff with a narrow marginal
line of the same color; beneath chestnut at base, rest like upper side;
hands buffy, feet whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 232; tail, 70; hind foot, 32. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 37.2; Hensel, 28.5; zygomatic width, 10.7;
intertemporal width, 7.8; length of nasals, 8; length of upper molar
series, 3.2; length of mandible, 6.8; length of lower molar series, 5.9.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subgenus D. Callospermophilus.
Citellus trepidus (Taylor).
Callospermophilus trepidus Taylor, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V,
1910, p. 283.
Type locality. Head of Big Creek, Forest Mountains, Humboldt
County, Nevada. Altitude, 8000 feet.
Citellus lateralis tescorum (Hollister).
Callospermophilus lateralis tescorum Hollist., Smith. Misc. Coll.;
LVI, 1911, No. 26, p. 2.
Type locality. Head of Moose Pass Branch of the Smoky River,
Alberta, Canada. Altitude, 7000 feet.
Genl. Char. Nearest to C. I. cinerascens but larger, colors darker
and richer.
Color. Nose, head, neck and shoulders Mars-brown; orbital ring
whitish ; upperparts grizzled brownish gray, darkest on rump ; shoul-
ders and outer sides of upperparts of arms blackish ; lateral black stripes
from shoulders have posterior half grizzled brownish gray ; inner
black stripes only go to middle of body; outer side of legs dark brown;
tail above mixed black and buff; beneath with a central cinnamon area,
with a lateral black band bordered with cinnamon-buff. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 303; tail, 105; hind foot, 45.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 46.3; Hensel, 36.7; zygomatic width.
30 CITELLUS.
29.4 ; intertemporal width, 12.8; length of nasals, 15.5; length of upper
molar series, 9; length of mandible, 26.2; length of lower tooth row,
7.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Citellus lateralis arizonensis (Bailey).
Callospermophilus lateralis arizonensis Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XXVI, 1913, p. 130.
Type locality. San Francisco Mountains, Arizona.
Gen\ Char. Larger than C. lateralis; somewhat darker in color,
chestnut of thighs extending over feet to toes.
Color. Head and shoulders suffused with golden-chestnut ; upper-
parts brownish gray; on each flank is a bread black and buff stripe;
rump and outer side of thighs deep chestnut grading to yellowish and
becoming buffy on the feet; underparts whitish; tail similar to that
of lateralis. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 292; tail, 102; hind foot, 44. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 45.9; Hensel, 38.4; zygomatic width, 28.5;
intertemporal width, 12.1; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 21.5;
length of upper molar series, 8.5; length of mandible, 22.3; length of
lower molar series, 8.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Mr. Bailey says the tail " beneath always gray." I did not find
this to be so on comparing a series of the present form with one of C.
lateralis. The last-named species is paler than the present race gen-
erally, and the hind feet are much paler than the thighs, while the feet
and thighs of this race are of the same color.
Subgenus E. Colobotis.
Citellus idahoensis Merriam.
Citellus idahoensis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913, p.
135-
Type locality. Payette, at junction of Payette and Snake River,
Idaho. Type in United States National Museum.
Genl. Char. Largest of the C. mollis group.
Color. Two phases of pelage: Buff. Top of head reddish; upper
part of body suffused with pale buffy fulvous, the back spotted with
buff; underparts buffy white; tail dark fulvous, with broad subapical
black band; hands and feet buffy. Gray. Top of head grizzled gray ;
upperparts pale hoary gray, with a tinge of pale buffy, and the back
dappled with whitish; tail like back, with black terminal band; eye-
lids white; hands and feet whitish; anterior rims of ears white. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
CITELLUS. 31
Measurements. Total length, 263; tail, 61; hind foot, 35. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 35.2; zygomatic width, 27.3;
intertemporal width, 10; length of nasals, 12.9; length of upper molar
series, 9; length of mandible, 22.2; length of lower molar series, 8.4.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Citellus leurodon Merriam.
Citellus leurodon Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913, p. 136.
Type locality. Murphy, southwestern Idaho.
Genl. Char. Like C. idahoensis, tail shorter, underparts white.
Color. Almost exactly like the gray phase of C. idahoensis, but
the flanks and underparts are white not buff, the black bases of the
hairs showing and dulling the white; tail buffy gray above, darker
beneath; hands and feet white. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 233; tail, 47; hind foot, 33. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 37.7; Hensel, 32.2; zygomatic width, 24.1;
intertemporal width; 8.6; length of nasals, 12.7; length of upper molar
series, 8.2: length of mandible, 19.6; length of lower molar series, 8.
Ex type United States National Museum.
Citellus canus vigilis Merriam.
Citellus canus vigilis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
P- 137-
Type locality. Vale, eastern Oregon.
Genl. Char. No dappling on back; tail shorter and paler than in
C. idahosnsis. Color more hoary- whitish than in C. canus. Skull
larger and heavier.
Color. General hue hoary-whitish lined with black; flanks and
underparts whitish; tail like back, terminal part black, hairs tipped
with white; thighs to feet i eddish; tail above, buff, hairs on margin
and tips with white ends; beneath darker. Ex type in United States
National Museum,
Measurements. Total length, 208; tail, 33; hind foot, 32. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 37.5; Hensel, 31; zygomatic width, 25.6; inter-
temporal width, 10 ; length of nasals, 12.7; length of upper molar
series, 7.7; length of mandible, 22; length of lower molar series, 7.3.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Citellus mollis artemisiae Merriam.
Citellus mollis artemisia Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, P- 137-
Type locality. Birch Creek, Idaho.
32
CITELLUS.
Genl. Char. Smallest of the C. mollis group; bullae and teeth
smaller, similar to C. mollis.
Color. Nose brown; head lightly grizzled; upperparts mottled,
with hind neck and shoulders paler than lower dorsal region; outer
side of arms whitish; thighs reddish; flanks and underparts white,
black bases of hairs showing through ; tail, above like back, with sub-
terminal black band and white tip; beneath buff; hands and feet
white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 219; tail, 45.5; hind foot, 26.4;
(skin). Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 35.3; Hensel, 28.2; zygomatic
width, 23; intertemporal width, 9.8; length of nasals, 10.5; length of
upper molar series, 7.3; length of mandible, 20.4; length of lower
molar series, 6.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Citellus mollis pessimus Merriam.
Citellus mollis pessimus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 138.
Type locality. Lower part of Big Lost River, east central Idaho.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. m. artemisice, but larger and darker;
rostrum larger; tooth row longer.
Color. Similar to C. m. artemisice but generally darker on upper
parts; underparts also the same in color except the present race has a
slight buffy suffusion at base of tail; tail above black speckled with
buff on basal half, edged and tipped with white; beneath ochraceous-
buff, with marginal black band edged with white; feet and hands
whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 246; tail to end of hairs, 60.8; hind
foot, 24.4 (Skin); Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 36.7; Hensel, 29.8;
zygomatic width, 23.5; intertemporal width, 9.5; length of nasals,
12.9; length of upper molar series, 8.2; length of mandible, 21.9;
length of lower molar series, 7.5; Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Citellus mollis washoensis Merriam.
Citellus mollis washoensis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 138.
Type locality. Carson Valley, western Nevada.
Genl. Char. Size larger; pelage grizzled gray like C. canus.
Color. Similar to C. m. pessimus, but with less ochraceous-buff
on the upperparts which is gray and white spotted; underparts buffy;
tail very short, ochraceous-buff above, paler beneath; hands tinged
with buff, feet whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 258; tail, 50; hind foot, 35. Skull:
CITELLUS.
MARMOTA. 33
Occipito-nasal length, 39.6; Hensel, 33.8; zygomatic width, 25; inter-
temporal width, 9.6; length of nasals, 10.6; length of upper molar
series, 8.4; length of mandible, 23.3; length of lower molar series,
7.5. .Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subgenus F. Otospermophilus.
Citellus variegatus juglans Bailey.
Citellus variegatus juglans Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 131.
Type locality. Glenwood, New Mexico. Altitude, 5000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. variegatus, but skull broader, teeth
smaller.
Color. Head rusty and black, becoming tawny near ears; ears
black; hind neck, flanks behind shoulders gray; back between shoul-
ders black and bilff ; rest of back ochraceous and cream spotted; under-
parts soiled whitish (some examples rusty ochraceous); hands and
feet pale ochraceous; tail above has the hairs gray with sub terminal
black band, and a marginal band edged with whitish; beneath prac-
tically the same coloring. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 500; tail, 230; hind foot, 65.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 60.9; Hensel, 49.3; zygomatic width,
38; intertemporal width, 13.6; length of nasals, 22; palatal length,
28.5; length of upper molar series, 12; length of mandible, 36.8;
length of lower molar series, n.6. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Marmota (54). Woodchucks.
Marmota ochracea Swarth.
Marmota ochracea Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., VII, 1911, p. 203.
Type locality. Forty-mile Creek, Alaska.
Marmota vancouverensis Swarth.
Marmota vancouverensis Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., VII, 1911,
p. 201.
Type locality. Mount Douglas, Vancouver Island, British Colum-
bia, Canada.
Marmota vigilis Heller.
Marmota vigilis Heller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, 1909, p. 248.
Type locality. West shore of Glacier Bay, Alaska.
34 MARMOTA.
Marmota oxytona Hollister.
Marmota sibila Hollist., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, 1912, p. i.
Marmota oxytona Hollist., Science, XXXIX, 1914, p. 251.
Type locality. Head of Moose Pass, Branch of the Smoky River,
Alberta, Canada. Altitude, 7,200 feet.
Genl. Char. Larger than M. caligata; colors dark; cheeks ochra-
ceous. Skull large; teeth a little smaller than those of species com-
pared.
Color. Top of head and nape grizzled brown and black, top of
nose and stripe on cheek black; forehead in center white; sides of
neck ochraceous; shoulders and upper back the hairs are black at
base then white and tipped with brownish black, giving a grizzled,
light appearance to this part; lower back a grizzled brown, black and
buff; throat ochraceous; rest of underparts brownish gray, becoming
hazel at base of tail; tail above black bordered and tipped with
mummy-brown; beneath all mummy-brown; hands and feet black,
the hands with a few white hairs. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 720; tail, 210; hind foot, 95.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 103.8; Hensel, 88.2; zygomatic width,
67; intertemporal width, 15; palatal length, 50.5; length of nasals,
44; length of upper molar series, 22.8; length of mandible, 72.9; length
of lower molar series, 20. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Marmota monax rufescens Howell.
Marmota monax rufescens Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 13. (
Type locality. Elk River, Minnesota.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. monax but redder.
Geogr. Distr. Southern part of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan,
Ontario and the greater part of the State of New York.
Color. Upper parts from nape to lower back ochraceous-buff , and
from middle of back to tail darker buff, all the hairs tipped with white ;
flanks like lower back; top of head blackish; cheeks and upper lip
cream white, base of hairs black; outer side of limbs bright chestnut,
slightly darker than limbs; tail blackish, hairs at base white-tipped,
beneath black, tinged with chestnut; hands and feet black. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, average of five, 548; tail, 143;
hind foot, 83. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 85; Hensel, 77.3; zygo-
matic width, 64.7; intertemporal width, 17.7; length of nasals, 35;
length of upper molar series, 20.7; length of mandible, 57.6; length of
lower molar series, 20. Ex type in United States National Museum.
MARMOTA.
35
Marmota monax preblorum Howell.
Marmota monax preblorum Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 14-
Type locality. Wilmington, Massachusetts.
Geogr. Distr. Connecticut, north to Rutland, Vermont and Ossi-
pee, New Hampshire, but how much farther its range may extend has
not been ascertained.
Genl. Char. Very similar to M . m. rufescens but paler, light buff
on upperparts, hairs white-tipped; top of head seal-brown; under-
parts pale chestnut; tail at root inclined to grayish, rest of tail above
and below like that of M. m. rufescens; hands and feet black. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
, Measurements. Total' length, 500; tail, 140; hind foot, 80.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 87.8; Hensel, 76.3; zygomatic width,
57.4; intertemporal width, 17; length of nasals, 35.1; length of upper
molar series, 17.7; length of mandible, 48.6; length of lower molar
series, 17.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Marmota flaviventer parvula Howell.
M armota flaviventer parvula Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 14.
Type locality. Jefferson, Nye County, Nevada.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from the Toyabe and Toquima Ranges,
Nevada, but probably will be found in the other ranges in the central
part of the State.
Genl. Char. Similar to M . f. avara but smaller and darker.
Color. Band above nose black; lips and chin whitish; top of
head and nape dark chestnut; upperparts pale buff to middle of back,
darker on lower back to tail, all hairs tipped with white; flanks like
lower back; throat and middle of abdomen pale chestnut; chest deep
buff; thighs and scrotum pale buff; cheeks black, white-spotted ; arms
.buff; hands reddish, feet buff; tail above chestnut speckled sparsely
with white on basal half; beneath blackish. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 470; tail, 130; hind foot, 70. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 72.2; Hensel, 62; zygomatic width, 48.6; inter-
temporal width, 19.3; length of nasals, 29.3; length of upper molar
series, 18.6; length of mandible, 46; length of lower molar series, 18.3.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Marmota flaviventer nosophora Howell.
Marmota flaviventer nosophora Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 15.
36 MARMOTA.
Type locality. Willow Creek, 7 miles east of Corvallis, Montana.
Altitude, 4000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Rocky Mountain region from Flathead
Lake, Montana, south to the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah, and east
to the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming.
Color. Nose white with a black bar near tip ; lips and chin white ;
top of head black, white intermixed; upper half of ' back and flanks
golden-yellow; lower back with central portion black, hairs, white-
tipped, remainder slightly darker than upper back; arms, hands and
underparts burnt-sienna; thighs golden-buff, feet darker; tail above
chestnut, beneath black margined with chestnut. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 583; tail, 170; hind foot, 75. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 79.3; Hensel, 78.8; zygomatic width, 53.2;
length of nasals, 33; length of upper molar series, 20; length of man-
dible, 58.2; length of lower molar series, 13.4. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Marmota flaviventer luteola Howell.
Marmota flaviventer luteola Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 15.
Type locality. Woods P. O., in Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyo-
ming. Altitude, about 7000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains of northern Colorado, and southeastern
Wyoming, from the Laramie Mountains south to Park County, Colo-
rado.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. dacota and M. f. nosophora but paler,
less deeply ochraceous above; skull with longer ro'strum and smaller
audital bullae.
Color. Head like M . f. nosophora; upper part of back light buff,
all hairs tipped with white; lower back much darker, more like under-
parts, and the white much less conspicuous; chin and upper part of
throat yellowish white; rest of underparts ochraceous-tawny, palest
near tail; limbs, hands and feet similar to those of M. f. nosophora, but
fingers and toes mixed black and buff; tail above reddish on basal
half, remainder much paler, almost ochraceous; beneath black edged
with tawny. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 650; tail, 182; hind foot, 90.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 87.5; Hensel, 75.5; zygomatic width,
50.4; intertemporal width, 15.9; length of nasals, 35.1; length of
upper molar series, 21 ; length of mandible, 56.9; length of lower molar
series, 20. Ex type in United States National Museum.
MARMOTA. 37
Marmota flaviventer warreni Howell.
Marmota flaviventer warreni Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII y
1914, p. 16.
Type locality. Crested Butte, Colorado.
Geogr. Distr. Western Colorado, limits of range unknown.
Gent. Char. Size large; color deep red; skull large, rostrum long,
slender.
Color. Head chestnut-red; upper parts reddish, hairs white-
tipped; arms above and beneath, and underparts tawny-ochraceous ;
underpart of thighs ochraceous-buff; hands chestnut, feet dark red;
tail above tawny-red, beneath chestnut. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 565; tail, 131; hind foot, 82.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 90.5; Hensel, 79; zygomatic width, 59;
intertemporal width, 16.5; length of nasals, 38.5; length of mandible,
58; length of lower molar series, 19.5. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Marmota flaviventer obscura Howell.
Mar mota flaviventer obscura Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 16.
Type locality. Wheeler Peak, 5 miles south of Twining, New Mex-
ico. Altitude, 11,300 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Upper slopes above timber line of the high peaks in
northern New Mexico and southern Colorado, from the Pecos River
Mountains north to the Sangre de Christo and San Juan Ranges,
Colorado.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long; colors dark; skull like that of
M. dacota but the palatal foramina are narrower.
Color. Head and nape dark chestnut; upperparts chestnut-brown,
hairs white-tipped; base of hairs black followed by buff; lips and
chin white; underparts, sides of chest and belly like upperparts but
darker ; middle of chest and abdomen buff y ; hands and feet blackish
chestnut; tail above dark ochraceous-buff, beneath black in center
margined by dark ochracoeus-buff . Ex type in United States National
Museum. ,
Measurements. Total length, "average of three, 655; tail, 204;
hind foot, 90.7. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 83.9; Hensel, 72.8;
zygomatic width, 59.4; intertemporal width, 16.3; length of nasals,
34.2; length of upper molar series, 20; length of mandible, 57.7;
length of lower molar series, 18.7; Ex type in United States National
Museum.
38 MARMOTA.
Marmota caligata cascadensis Howell.
Marmota caligata cascadensis Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 17.
Type locality. Mt. Rainier, Washington.
Geogr. Distr. Mt. Rainier, Washington, to the Mount Baker
Range, British Columbia.
Gent. Char. Size large; similar in color to M. caligata.
Color. Nose, and extending back to eyes white, a black band
across nose near tip ; rest of head above mixed black and white; sides
of head grizzled; entire upperparts and sides yellowish white; outer
side of arms and entire hind legs yellowish white; inner side of arms
and underparts a mixture of pale and dark buff; tail above mixed buff
and reddish, beneath dark reddish and black; hands and feet black.
Measurements. Total length, 740; tail, 230; hind foot, 107.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 101; Hensel, 85.2; zygomatic width,
66.2; intertemporal width, 15.3; length of nasals, 42.4; length of
upper molar series, 23; length of mandible, 68.3; length of lower molar
series, 21.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Marmota caligata nivaria Howell.
Marmota caligata nivaria Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 17.
Type locality. Upper St. Mary's Lake, Montana, Altitude, 6100 ft.
Geogr. Distr. Type locality to Bitterroot and Salmon River
Mountains, Idaho.
Genl. Char. Similar to M . oxytona but whiter.
Color. Forehead white, rest of head mixed black and white;
back from head to lumbar region and flanks white; hairs blackish
white-tipped on small of the back; rump ochraceous, with hairs black-
tipped; underparts grayish white, inclined to buff towards tail; tail
above and below reddish, black at base, hairs white- tipped ; hands
and feet black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length "average of four," 751; tail, 224;
hind foot, 105. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 99.3; Hensel, 86.5;
zygomatic width, 64.7; intertemporal width, 14.2; length of nasals,
39.7; length of upper molar series, 21.7; length of mandible, 66.5;
length of lower molar series, 19.5. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Marmota caligata sheldoni Howell.
Marmota caligata sheldoni Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 18.
Type, locality. Montague Island, Alaska.
CASTOR. 39
Genl. Char. Similar to M. caligata, but smaller; skull has shorter
nasals and the premaxillae narrower.
Color. Nose white; head on top black; sides of neck and shoul-
ders iron-gray, as are also the flanks; hind neck and between shoulders
grayish white; lower back and rump buff, hairs tipped with black;
underparts whitish; tail all around reddish, tip black; hands and
feet black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 670; tail, 185; hind foot, 94.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 88.5; Hensel, 77.9; zygomatic width,
61.5; intertemporal width, 17; length of nasals, 33.4; length of upper
molar series, 22.6; length of mandible, 67.4; length of lower molar
series, 20.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Family Castoridae. Beavers.
Genus Castor (57).
Castor canadensis phaeus Heller.
Castor canadensis phceus Heller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, 1909,
p. 250.
Type locality. Pleasant Bay, Admiralty Islands, Alaska.
Castor subauratus Taylor.
Castor subauratus Taylor, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, 1912, p. 167.
Type locality. Grayson, San Joaquin River, Stanislaus County,
California.
Castor canadensis texensis Bailey.
Castor canadensis texensis Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905,
p. 122.
TEXAS BEAVER.
Type locality. Cummings Creek, Colorado County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Texas.
Genl. Char. Coloration pale; skull with short sagittal crest, lateral
ridges lyrate or spreading; supra-occipital crest doubly curved; nasals
long, spatulate, tapering to a point posteriorly.
Color. Pale brown above, beneath ash-gray. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Hind foot, .74; naked portion of tail, 265 long,
113 wide (dry skin). Skull: basal length, 136; nasals, 57; breadth
of nasals, 30; zygomatic breadth, 107; intertemporal breadth, 29;
40 CASTOR.
mastoid breadth, 67; length of upper molar series, 32; length of man-
dible, 110.9; length of lower molar series, 39.4. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Castor canadensis leucodontus Gray.
Castor canadensis leucodontus Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Ser. 4, IV, 1869, p. 293; Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 47.
Castor canadensis pacificus Rhoads, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., N. S.,
XIX, 1898, pp. 422-423, pi. xxi, fig. i, pi. xxii, fig. i; Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., F. C. M. Pub., II, 1901, p. 117, Zool.
Ser.; Id. Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and West Indies,
F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 129.
Type locality. Lake Kichelos, Cascade Mountains, Kittiloss
County, Washington.
Geogr. Distr. Pacific Slope; California to Alaska.
This well-known species has usually been recognized as C. c.
pacificus, the name bestowed upon it by Rhoads (I. c.}, but Osgood
has shown (1. c.) that the name C. c. leucodontus was given it by Gray
(/. c.) as far back as 1869, and that is the one it must bear in the future.
Castor canadensis michiganensis Bailey.
Castor canadensis michiganensis Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVI, 1913, p. 192.
Type locality. Tahquamenaw River, five miles above falls, Luce
County, Michigan.
Genl. Char. Color dark; ears, hands and feet black. Skull short,
wide, zygomatic arches wide; rostrum short; nasals constricted pos-
teriorly; occipital crest present.
Color. Head and cheeks mahogany-brown; upperparts dark
umber-brown; underparts blackish on breast, rest like upperparts
but darker; flanks blackish; ears, hands and feet black. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1170; tail, 470; hind foot, 183.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.2; intertemporal width, 25.5; Hen-
sel, 115.2; zygomatic width, 96.4; length of nasals, 46; palatal length,
28.3; length of upper molar series, 29.4; mastoid breadth, 65; length
of mandible, 92.7; length of lower molar series, 31.4. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Castor canadensis mexicanus Bailey.
Castor canadensis mexicanus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
P- iQ1-
CASTOR. EPINOMYS. 41
Type locality. Ruidoso Creek, six miles below Ruidoso, New
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Medium size, pale in hue and but little of the chest-
nut color. Skull, short, wide; rostrum and nasals wide.
Color. Above dull russet, crown brighter; cheeks and rump paler;
underparts drab, sometimes buffy gray; hands and feet dark drab,
with some chestnut color on feet; flanks dark drab. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1072; tail, 400; hind foot, 172.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 145.6; zygomatic width, 101; Hensel,
122.6; length of nasals (medium), 48.7; palatal length, 32.9; length
of upper molar series, 30; length of mandible, 110.5; length of lower
molar series, 35.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Castor caecator Bangs.
Castor creator Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 54, 1913, p. 513.
Type locality. Bay St. George, Newfoundland.
Family Muridae. Rats, Mice, Voles.
Subfamily Murinae.
Genus Epinomys.
Rattus Fitzinger, Sitzungsb. Math.-Naturw. Clas. Kong. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, LVI, 1867, Pt. II, p. 63. Type Mus rattus Linn.
(nee Rattus Donovan, 1827).
Epimys (Epinomys) Trouess., Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Sci. Angers,
1881, X, p. 117.
In a paper published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society
of Washington, Vol. XXIII, 1910, p. 57, on "The Generic name of
the House Rats," Mr. G. S. Miller, Jr., shows that the term Epimys
(Epinomys) Trouessart should be applied to the House Rats, of which
by tautonymy, Rattus domesticus Fitzinger = M us rattus Linn., is the
type; and that Mus musculus should typify the genus Mus Linnaeus.1
The introduced species occurring in North America would there-
fore stand as follows :
1 [Since the above was written by Dr. Elliot further research has shown that
Rattus Fischer, 1803, antedates Epimys for the same group by many years. (Cf.
Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXIX, p. 206, and the references there cited.)
— • EDITOR.]
42 EPINOMYS. ONYCHOMYS.
Epinomys rattus (Linnaeus).
Epinomys norwegicus (Erxleben).
Epinomys alexandrinus (E. Geoffroy).
Subfamily Cricetinae.
Genus Onychomys (59).
Onychomys torridus clarus Hollister.
Onychomys torridus clarus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 215.
Type locality, Keeler, Inyo County, California.
Gent. Char. Like O. t. longicaudus but brighter colored and with
very little dark streaking above. Anterior palatine foramina reaching
to anterior line of first .molars.
Color. Head pinkish cinnamon; cheeks, white; upperparts bright
pinkish cinnamon, hairs with subapical buff band; underparts, limbs,
hands and feet white, under-fur neutral gray; grayish brown on upper
side of tail for two-thirds its length, remainder above and below white.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 143; tail, 51; hind foot, 20.5; ear,
15.7. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 25; Hensel, 18.5; zygomatic
width, 13.2; intertemporal width, 5 ; length of nasals, 9 6 ; breadth of
braincase, n.6; length of upper molar series, 3.5; length of mandible,
11.4; length of lower molar series, 3.4. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Onychomys leucogaster capitulatus Hollister.
Onycomys leucogaster capitulatus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVI, 1913, p. 215.
Type locality. Prospect Valley, Hualpai Indian Reservation,
Grand Canon, Arizona. Altitude, 4500 feet.
Genl. Char. Like O. 1. ruidosa but darker. Skull smaller.
Color. Upperparts mixed cinnamon and black, the latter color
most prominent on lower back and rump; cheeks paler cinnamon;
flanks like back; underparts and limbs, hands and feet white; tail
dark brown on basal half above, beneath white. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 142; tail, 43; hind foot, 21; ear,
14.6; Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 29.1; Hensel, 20.6; zygomatic
width, 14; intertemporal width, 4.7; breadth of braincase, 13; length
of nasals, 9.2; length of upper molar series, 3.8; length of mandible,
ONYCHOMYS. 43
12.4; length of lower molar series, 4.2. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Onychomys leucogaster breviauritus Hollister.
Oriychomys leucogaster breviauritus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVI, 1913, p. 216.
Type locality. Fort Remo, Oklahoma.
Genl. Char. Like 0. I. longipes but darker, with shorter tail,
smaller hind feet and ears.
Color. Head and back blackish brown, the color coming from the
tips of the hairs, the color of the remaining apical part being pinkish
cinnamon; cheeks and flanks paler, hips and lower rump cinnamon;
nose gray; spots at base of whiskers cinnamon; underparts, limbs,
hands and feet white; tail above grayish brown, beneath white; ear-
tufts cinnamon-buff. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 164; tail, 42; hind foot, 2; ear,
13.2. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 29.5; Hensel, 23.8; zygomatic
width, 15.1; intertemporal width, 4.8; width of braincase, 12.5;
length of nasals (median), 11.2; length of upper molar series, 4.6;
length of mandible, 14.3; length of lower molar series, 4.9. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus Anthony.
Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus Anthony, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., XXII, 1913, p. ii.
Type locality. Ironside, Malheur County, Oregon.
Genl. Char. Smaller than O. leucogaster and the adult pelage
darker, more a pale cinnamon-rufous than the ochraceous-buff of the
species compared; hind feet smaller.
Color. Top of head and upperparts dark gray with a slight inter-
mixture of pale cinnamon-rufous; sides of head and face paler gray;
orbital ring blackish; nose, lips, cheeks, flanks, entire underparts,
arms, outer side of thighs pure white; tail above for three-fourths its
length paler than the back, more of a pale cinnamon-rufous, remain-
ing portion and underpart white; ears very dark gray, almost blackish,
with basal tufts and tips white. Ex type in American Museum of
Natural History.
A somewhat older specimen has the head and entire upperparts a
pale cinnamon-rufous, both .much darker in color than the upperparts
of O. leucogaster, and there is very little of the gray exhibited which
is the dominant color of the type of the present species.
Measurements. Total length, 140; hind foot, 34; tail, 20. Skull:
44 PEROMYSCUS.
Occipito-nasal length, 25.7; Hensel, 14.2; zygomatic width, 12.7;
intertemporal width, 4.5; length of nasals, 10; length of upper molar
series, 4.3; length of mandible, 8.7; length of lower molar series, 3.8.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
It is worthy of consideration whether, on account of the great
difference in color and size, and the northern habitat, this mouse is
not entitled to full specific rank, instead of being classed as a subspecies.
Genus Peromyscus (60).
Subgenus Baiomys.
Peromyscus taylori subater Bailey.
Peromyscus taylori subater Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905,
p. 102.
Type locality. Bernard Creek, near Columbia, Brazoria County,
Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. taylori, but darker.
Color. Entire upperparts sooty-gray; underparts buffy. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 91; tail, 37; hind foot, 15. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 18.1; Hensel, 13.2; zygomatic width, 10;
intertemporal width, 3.6; length of nasals, 6.3; length of upper molar
series, 3; length of mandible, 7.7; length of lower molar series, 3.1.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus taylori analogus Osgood.
Peromyscus taylori analogus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28, 1909,
p. 256.'
Type locality. Zamora, Michoacan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. subater, darker than P. paulus.
Color. Upperparts blackish sepia; flanks sepia; underparts slaty
gray, washed with wood-brown; hands, feet and toes dusky brown
and grayish; tail, black above, paler below. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, no; tail, 48; hind foot, 14; ear,
9.9. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 17.5; Hensel, 13.4; zygomatic
width, 9.7; intertemporal width, 3.4; length of nasals, 5.5; length of
upper molar series, 3.3; length of mandible, 8.1 ; length of lower molar
series, 2.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
PEROMYSCUS. 45
Subgenus Megadontomys.
Peromyscus pirrensis Goldman.
Peromyscus pirrensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912,
P- 5-
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama.
Gent. Char. Size large, similar to P. fiamdus, but with a longer
hind foot; color darker. Skull with a slender rostrum, first upper
molar very narrow.
Color. Upperparts cinnamon-rufous, the black bases of hairs
showing; rump rusty; flanks orange-buff; underparts creamy white;
fingers of hands white; hind feet whitish, the metatarsus brown;
tail brown above, slightly paler beneath. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 348; tail, 185; hind foot, 35.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 40.5; Hensel, 31.5; zygomatic width,
19; intertemporal width, 6; length of nasals, 15.3; length of upper
molar series, 5.7; length of mandible, 17; length of lower molar series,
5.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subgenus Haplomylomys.
Peromyscus eremicus insulicola Osgood.
Peromyscus eremicus insulicola Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 246.
Type locality. Espiritu Santo Island, off east coast of Lower
California, Mexico.
Gent. Char. Similar to P. e. eva, but somewhat darker; pectoral
stripe prominent.
Color. Upperparts mixed ochraceous-buff and dusky; underparts
creamy white; buff line on center of chest; tail above dusky, lighter
beneath. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail. 115; hind foot, 20; ear,
16.5. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 25.3; Hensel, 18.9; zygomatic
width, 12.4; intertemporal width, 3.9; length of nasals, 8.5; length of
upper molar series, 3.9; length of mandible, 11.2; length of lower
molar series, 3.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus eremicus avius Osgood.
Peromyscus eremicus avius Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28, 1909,
p. 247.
46 PEROMYSCUS.
Type locality. Ceralbo Island, off east coast of Lower California,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. e. eva, but larger, ears smaller, teeth
larger.
Color. Upperparts like P. e. eva mixed ochraceous and dusky;
entire underparts cream-buff; tail above, blackish brown, beneath
dull white. No pectoral spot. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 212; tail, 108.2; hind foot, 28.3
(skin). Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 25.6; Hensel, 20; zygomatic
width, 13.2; intertemporal width, 4; length of nasals, 10.2; length of
mandible, 12.4; length of lower molar series, 4.5. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Peromyscus eremicus polypolius Osgood.
Peromyscus eremicus polypolius Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 248.
Type locality. Margarita Island, off the east coast of southern
California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. e. eva, but grayer; rostrum more de-
pressed; braincase shorter, more inflated.
Color. Upperparts a mixture of gray, dusky and pinkish buff,
grayest on head and shoulders; a narrow streak on cheeks and lower
sides pale ochraceous buff; underparts pale cream-buff; hands and
feet white, ankles dusky; tail above dusky, beneath mixed whitish
gray and dusky. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 192; tail, 99.5; hind foot, 17.5 (skin).
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 17.5; zygomatic width,
1 2. i ; intertemporal width, 4.2; length of nasals, 8.70; length of upper
molar series, 3.7; length of mandible, 9.2; length of lower molar series
4.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus eremicus carmeni Townsend.
Peromyscus eremicus carmeni Townsend, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXXI, 1912, p. 126.
Type locality. Carmen Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. e. eva, but grayer, less rufescent.
Color. Forepart of head and nose grayish buff; top of head and
entire Upperparts pale ochraceous-buff; finely lined with black; flanks
pale ochraceous-buff; entire underparts and inner side of limbs white,
the plumbeous under-fur showing, especially on the hind legs; hands
and feet white, tail above dark brown, beneath whitish. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
PEROMYSCUS. 47
Measurements. Total length, 206; tail, 116; hind foot, 21. Skull:
Total length, 25.5; Hensel, 19.4; zygoma tic width, 12.5; intertempo-
ral width, 4; length of nasals, 10.2; length of upper tooth row, 3.7;
length of mandible, 13.2; length of lower molar series, 3.3. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus stephani Townsend.
Peromyscus stephani Townsend, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI,
1912, p. 126.
Type locality. San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. eremicus, tail slightly shorter.
Skull has a greater inter temporal width, and a broader, heavier ros-
trum, and the nasals extend beyond premaxillaries.
Color. Head and upperparts yellowish gray mixed with black,
darkest on dorsal line; flanks rich buff; entire underparts and inner
side of legs white; base of fur black; outer side of legs like flanks;
hands and feet white; tail above dark brown, becoming blackish on
terminal third. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. TotaHength, 199; tail, 100; hind foot, 23. Skull:
Occipital region lacking; skull broken; zygomatic width, 14; inter-
temporal width, 4.3; length of nasals, 10.3; length of upper molar
series, 4; length of mandible, 12; length of lower molar series, 4.1.
Ex. type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus guardia Townsend.
Peromyscus guardia Townsend, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI,
1912, p. 126.
Type locality. Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than P. eremicus; rostrum longer; incisive
foramina longer reaching anterior plane of first molar.
Color. Head and upperparts yellowish gray mixed with black,
lightest on head, darkest on lower back and rump; flanks pale orange-
buff; entire underparts white, base of fur plumbeous; outer side of
limbs like flanks; hands and feet white; tail above at base very pale
yellowish brown, grading to darker brown on central portion, and
becoming blackish on terminal third. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 214; tail, 114; hind foot, 23. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 12.4; inter-
temporal width, 4; length of nasals, 11.7; palatal length, 8.5; length
of upper molar series, 3.9; length of mandible, 9.9; length of lower
molar series, 3.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
48 PEROMYSCUS.
Subgenus Peromyscus.
Peromyscus maniculatus argentatus Copeland and Church.
Peromyscus canadensis argentatus Copel. and Church, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 122.
Type locality. Grand Harbor, Grand Manan, New Brunswick.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Grand Manan, New Brunswick.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. abietorum but larger, color different;
pronounced dark patch in front of eye.
Color. Upperparts slate-gray; dorsal line darker; underparts white,
base of hairs plumbeous; dark patch in front of eye; hands and feet
white; tail above black, beneath white. Type in United States Na-
tional Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 179.5; tail, 87; hind foot, 21.5;
ear, 17.5. Skull: Greatest length, 26.4; basilar length, 20; palatal
length, ii ; zygomatic width, 13.7; mastoid breadth, n.i; intertem-
poral width, 4; length of nasals, 10.3; length of upper molar series, 3;
length of lower molar series, 3.4; length of, mandible, 16.4. Type in
the United States National Museum.
Peromyscus maniculatus eremus Osgood.
Peromyscus maniculatus eremus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 47.
Type Locality. Pleasant Bay, Grindstone Island, Magdalen Islands,
Quebec.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. abietorum, but darker and with a
shorter tail.
Color. Orbital ring and spot at base of whiskers dusky; upper-
parts russet and dusky mixed; underparts cream white; tail bicolor
above, beneath white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 183; tail, 83; hind foot, 21; ear,
15.7. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.1; Hensel, 19.6; zygomatic
width, 13.1; intertemporal width, 3.8; length of nasals, 10.7; length
of upper molar series, 4.1; length of mandible, 11.5, length of lower
molar series, 4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus maniculatus borealis Mearns.
Peromyscus maniculatus borealis Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXIV, 1911, p. 102.
Hesperomys leucopus arcticus Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
II, 1890, p. 285 (nee Coues).
Peromyscus texensis arcticus Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am.
PEROMYSCUS. 49
Cont. and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 146, No.
, 287 d., Zool. Ser.
Peromyscus maniculatus arcticus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 19,
.1900, p. 33.
Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis (Coues).
Hesperomys sonoriensis var. nebrascensis Baird, Mamm. N. Amer.,
1857, p. 462 (nomen nudum).
Hesperomys sonoriensis var. nebrascensis Coues, N. Am. Rodent.,
1877, p. 79, (Specimens ex Deer Creek, Nebraska).
Peromyscus luteus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905,
p. 77 (ex Kennedy, Nebraska).
Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXIV, 1911, p. 102; Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28, 1909, p. 77.
Type locality. Deer Creek, Nebraska.
Peromyscus maniculatus osgoodi Mearns.
Peromyscus maniculatus osgoodi Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXIV, 1911, p. 102.
Hesperomys leucopus nebrascensis Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., II, 1890, p. 285.
Peromyscus texensis nebrascensis Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am.
Cont. and W. Indies, VI, 1905, p. 146, Zool. Ser.
Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No.
28, 1909, p. 75.
Type locality. Calf Creek, Custer County, Nebraska.
Dr. Mearns (/. c.) has, in his paper, called attention to the fact
that of the names of the above three species, the first two were pre-
occupied, viz. arcticus Mearns 1910 nee arcticus Saussure of Coues,
1877, and as this name is a synonym of Hesperomys maniculatus Wag-
ler, arcticus cannot be employed in the nomenclature of this genus,
and may not be used for the race from Fort Simpson, Mackenzie,
Canada, and for which he proposed the name borealis. The synonymy
of these three forms would therefore stand as given above.
Peromyscus maniculatus hylaeus Osgood.
Peromyscus hylczus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908,
p. 141.
Type locality. Hollis, Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island,
Alaska.
Geogr. Distr. Islands and coast of southeastern Alaska, including
Prince of Wales, Kupreanof, Mitkof, and Admiralty Islands, and on
the mainland from Lynn Canal to Frederick Sound.
50 PEROMYSCUS.
Gent. Char. Similar to P. keeni, rostrum longer and more slender.
Color. Top of head, nose, upperparts and flanks russet mixed with
dusky on scapular region, and with black on dorsal region; underparts,
sides of face and lips, hands and feet white; tail above blackish brown,
beneath whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 215; tail, 107; hind foot, 19.4
(skin). Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.6; Hensel, 21.3; zygomatic
width, 13.1; intertemporal width, 13.7; length of nasals, 10.6; length
of upper molar series, 4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus maniculatus algidus Osgood.
Peromyscus maniculatus algidus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 56.
Type locality. Head of Lake Bennett, British Columbia, Canada.
Geogr. Distr. Headwaters of the Yukon River, from Lake Bennett
to the lower part of the Lewis River.
Geol. Char. Similar to P. m. hylceus, but paler, more gray.
Color. Entire upperparts cinnamon, mixed with dusky on sides
and dorsal region; washed with grayish on head and face, and in some
specimens, also on shoulders; orbital ring and spot at base of whiskers
dusky; underparts creamy white; feet and hands white; tail blackish
above, beneath white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 227; tail, 1 08; hind foot, 18.3 (skin).
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 27.1; Hensel, 20.8; zygomatic width,
13.6; intertemporal width, 4.3; length of nasals, 10.8; length of upper
molar series, 4; length of mandible, 11.4; length of lower molar series,
4.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus maniculatus margaritae Osgood.
Peromyscus maniculatus margaritce Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 95.
Type locality. Margarita Island off west coast of southern Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. coolidgei, but paler.
Color. Head, entire upperparts and flanks pinkish buff lined with
dusky; nose and entire underparts, limbs, hands and feet white;
base of hairs slaty except those on throat which are white to the roots;
tail above dusky, beneath white; ears whitish at base, dusky at tips.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 167; tail, 70.5; hind foot, 20.9 (skin).
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 25.2; Hensel, 19.1; zygomatic width,
13; intertemporal width, 3.8; length of nasals, 9.7; length of upper
molar series, 3.5; length of mandible, 10.3; length of lower molar
series, 3.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
PEROMYSCUS. 51
Peromyscus maniculatus dementis Mearns.
Peromyscus texanus dementis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XVIII, 1895, p. 446.
Type locality. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia.
Geogr. Distr. Outer islands of the Santa Barbara group, off the
coast of southern California, including San Clemente, Santa Barbara,
San Nicolas, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel Islands.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. gambeli but larger and darker.
Color. Upperparts drab tinged with burnt umber on lower por-
tion; top of head drab-gray, ochraceous-buff lateral line; underparts
white; tail dark above, white beneath; hands and feet white; ears
black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail, 77; hind foot, 21; ear, 17.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 25.5; Hensel, 20; zygomatic breadth,
12.9; intertemporal width, 4; length of nasals, 9.6; length of upper
molar series, 3.8; length of mandible, 12.7; length of lower molar
series, 3.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus maniculatus magdalenae Osgood.
Peromyscus maniculatus magdalena Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 101.
Type locality. Magdalena Islands off west coast of southern Lower
California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Magdalena Islands and a narrow strip of the adja-
cent mainland of the Peninsula of Lower California.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. geronimensis but larger, tail longer
and color darker.
Color. Upperparts ochraceous-buff mixed with dusky; face and
head paler; underparts creamy white; tail above dusky, beneath
white; feet and hands white. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 201; tail, 87; hind foot, 5.9 (skin).
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel, 20.7; zygomatic width,
13.6; intertemporal width, 4.5; length of nasals, 10; length of upper
molar series, 4; length of mandible, 12.3; length of lower molar series,
4.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus maniculatus hollisteri Osgood.
Peromyscus maniculatus hollisteri Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 62.
Type locality. Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, San Juan County,
Wash.
52 PEROMYSCUS.
Color. Nose mixed buff and black; top of head and upperparts
to rump mostly black with minute buff spots scattered through the
black; rump paler, but little black showing; flanks like rump with
cream-buff hairs intermingled ; sides of face and nose at tip ochraceous-
buff; entire underparts, hands and feet white; tail above dark brown,
beneath cream-buff. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 185; tail, 73; hind foot, 22. Skull:
Total length, 26.8; Hensel, 20.7; zygoma tic width, 14.4; intertem-
poral width, 4; length of nasals, 10.9; length of upper molar series,
4.1; length of mandible, n; length of lower molar series, 3.9. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner).
Mus polionotus Wagner, Wiegm. Archiv. f. Naturg., II, 1843, p. 52.
Sitomys niveiventris subgriseus Chapm., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
V, 1893, p. 340.
Peromyscus subgriseus arenarius Bangs, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XXVIII, 1898, p. 203 (nee Mearns).
Peromyscus subgriseus baliolus Bangs, Science, N. S., VIII, 1907,
p. 214; Elliot, Check-List, Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and W. Indies,
F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 139.
Peromyscus polionotus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 49-
Type locality. Hursman Lake, Scriven County, Georgia.
The type of Wagner's species is in the Universitat Institute uiid
Sammlungen in Zurich, Switzerland, where it was examined by Mr.
Osgood who says of it (/. c.) "its identity as a member of the group of
small mice containing the forms well-known under the names sub-
griseus and niveiventris is obvious. It is said to have come from
Georgia, and its color, which is not greatly changed by exposure, agrees
well with recently collected specimens from that region."
Wagner's name will therefore take precedence of those later be-
stowed upon the species, its synonymy being that here given.
Peromyscus polionotus albifrons Osgood.
Peromyscus polionotus albifrons Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 108.
Type locality. Whitfield, Walton County, Florida.
Geogr. Distr. Coast of western Florida and Alabama.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. p. rhoadsi, but white on pelage more
widely distributed.
Color. Upperparts grayish fawn; nose at end white, that color
extending narrowly to forehead between eyes; from lower border of
PEROMYSCUS. 53
eye including all the underparts white; hands, feet and legs white;
tail grayish brown above on basal third, remainder and underpart
white; ears edged broadly with white. Type in United States
National Museum.
Peromyscus leucopus aridulus Osgood.
Peromyscus leucopus aridulus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28, 1909,
p. 122.
Type locality. Fort Custer, Yellowstone County, Montana.
Geogr. Distr. Upper Sonoran Zone of eastern Wyoming and
Montana, and the adjacent western parts of South Dakota and
Nebraska, probably south of Oklahoma and west to eastern Colorado.
Gent. Char. Similar to P. I. noveboracensis, but larger and paler;
skull larger, braincase wider; nasals broader; molar teeth and audital
bullae larger.
Color. Entire upperparts ochraceous-buff washed with dusky;
dorsal line slightly darker; underparts creamy white; hands and feet
white; tail above brown, beneath whitish. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 177; tail, 73; hind foot, 22; ears,
14.5. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.2; Hensel, 26; zygomatic
width, 14.3; inter temporal width, 4.5; length of nasals, 10; length of
upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 11.3; length of lower molar
series, 4.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus leucopus ochraceus Osgood.
Peromyscus leucopus ochraceus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 124.
Type locality. Winslow, Navajo County, Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. I. tornillo, but color different.
Color. Entire upperparts ochraceous-buff lined with dusky;
darkest on middle of back, but not forming a dorsal line; underparts
white, tinged with buff; tail above dusky brown, beneath buffy white;
feet and hands buffy white; ears edged with creamy white, and wrists
marked with ochraceous-buff. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail, 82; hind foot, 22.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 21.1; zygomatic width,
14.5; intertemporal width, 3.9; length of nasals, 10; length of upper
molar series, 3.8; length of mandible, 13.7; length of lower molar
series, 4.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus leucopus mesomelas Osgood.
Peromyscus texensis mesomelas Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XVII, 1904, p. 57.
54 PEROMYSCUS.
Peromyscus leucopus mesomelas Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 132.
Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Peromyscus pectoralis laceianus Bailey.
Peromyscus pectoralis laceianus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XIX, 1906, p. 57.
Type locality. Lacey Ranch, near Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. West Central Texas, from the vicinity of Austin
to the Big Bend of the Rio Grande and immediately adjacent parts
of Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. pectoralis; tail shorter, no pectoral spot.
Color. Upperparts dark buffy gray; cheeks and shoulders bright
buff; underparts white; tail above dark brown, beneath white; feet
white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 185; tail, 95; hind foot, 23. Skull:
Occipi to-nasal length, 26.8; Hensel, 19.5; zygomatic width, 13.5;
intertemporal width, 4.4; length of nasals, 10; length of upper molar
series, 4; length of mandible, 12.2; length of lower molar series, 4.5.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus truei lagunae Osgood.
Peromyscus truei lagunce Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28, 1909,
p. 172.
Type locality. La Laguna, Laguna Mountains, Lower California,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains of the region of the extremity of the
peninsula of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like P. truei, tail longer, ears smaller.
Color. Upperparts ochraceous-buff lined with dusky; nose and
region behind orbits grayish; orbital ring dusky; underparts creamy
white; tail above brownish dusky, beneath white; hands and feet
white; ankles dusky. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 215; tail, 109.6; hind foot, 18.6
(skin). .Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 27.1; Hensel, 20.9; zygomatic
width, 12.4; intertemporal width, 4.1; length of nasals, 10.7; length
of upper molar series, 4.6; length of mandible, 12.1; length of lower
molar series, 5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Peromyscus megalops melanurus Osgood.
Peromyscus megalops melanurus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 28,
1909, p. 215.
Type locality. Pluma, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanops, but smaller; skull and teeth
generally smaller; pelage variable in color.
NECTOMYS. RHEOMYS. 55
Color. Orbital ring and spot at base of whiskers dusky; upper-
parts Mars-brown; dorsal area darkest; underparts yellowish white;
tail blackish above and below; hands and feet white, tarsal joint brown-
ish. -Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 219; tail, 116; hind foot, 21 (skin).
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 32.6; Hensel, 25; zygoniatic width, 16;
intertemporal width, 5.3; length of nasals, 12.3; length of upper molar
series, 5.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Nectomys Peters.
Nectomys Peters, Abhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1860-
61, p. 151. Type Mus squamipes Lichtenstein.
Nectomys dimidiatus Thomas.
Nectomys dimidiatus Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7,
XVII,. 1906, p. 422.
Type locality. Escondido River, 7 miles below Rama, Nicaragua.
Nectomys alfari efficax Goldman.
Nectomys alfari efficax Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No.
22, p. 7.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude, 1,800 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. alfari, but more tawny-ochraceous.
Skull with narrower braincase and rostrum heavy.
Color. Upperparts pale tawny-ochraceous and black; top of head
and face darker; flanks and outer side of limbs have the ochraceous
color predominating; underparts washed with pale buff over white;
tail brownish all around; hands and feet flesh color sparsely covered
with gray hairs. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 305; tail, 179; hind foot, 36.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 35.6; Hensel, 28; zygomatic width,
19.7; intertemporal width, 7.2; length of nasals, 14.2; length of upper
molar series, 5.4; length of mandible, 18.9; length of lower molar series,
5.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Rheomys.
Rheomys Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, XVII, 1906,
p. 421. Type.
Rheomys underwood! Thomas.
Rheomys underwoodi Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7,
XVII, 1906, p. 422.
56 RHEOMYS. OTOTYLOMYS. SIGMODON.
Rheomys raptor Goldman.
Rheomys raptor Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912, p. 7.
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama. Altitude, 4,500 feet.
GenL Char. Size small; color dark. Skull with frontal region not
depressed, bullse low, short.
Color. Upperparts, nose to tail, mixed cinnamon and black;
flanks grayer; underparts pale mouse-gray; under fur plumbeous;
some white hairs on rump which is slightly darker than back; tail
black above and beneath; hands and feet brown grading into white
fingers and toes. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 201; tail, 94; hind foot, 23.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 25.2; Hensel, 19.8; zygomatic width,
13.5; intertemporal width, 4.9; length of nasals, 9.6; length of upper
molar series, 4.3; length of mandible, 12.4; length of lower molar
series, 3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Ototylomys (64).
Ototylomys fumeus Allen.
Ototylomys fumeus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 658.
Type locality. Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Color. Head and Upperparts dusky grayish brown, darkest on
dorsal region; throat and underparts, and inner side of limbs pure
white; tail naked, black, annulations broad; ears, dusky brown,
mostly naked. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 330; tail, 140; hind foot, 30 (col-
lector). Skull: Total length, 42; Hensel, 30.5; zygomatic width, 21;
intertemporal width, 7.7; length of nasals, 14; length of upper molar
series, 6.4; length of mandible, 18.2; length of lower molar series, 6.7.
Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Ototylomys guatemalae Thomas.
Ototylomys guatemala Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1909, p. 670.
Type locality. Tucuru, Poloehie River, about 50 miles east of
Coban, Guatemala.
Genus Sigmodon (65). Cotton Rats.
Sigmodon hispidus griseus Allen.
Sigmodon hispidus griseus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXIV, 1908, p. 657.
Type locality. Chontales, Nicaragua.
SIGMODON. 57
Color. Head and upperparts maize-yellow and black; top of
head and dorsal line much the darkest, being nearly all black; flanks
maize-yellow slightly lined with black, being much lighter than back;
outer side of limbs like flanks; entire underparts and inner side of
limbs grayish white, the hairs being plumbeous at base and with white
tips; toes grayish; tail black above, dark brown beneath, naked;
ears blackish. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History, New
York.
Measurements. Total length, 230; tail, broken, 50; hind foot,
30; full length of tail varies from no to 130. Skull: Total length,
35.9; Hensel, 30.2; zygomatic width, 21.6; intertemporal width, 5.2;
length of nasals, 15; length of mandible, 12.5; length of lower molar
series, 6.8. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History, New
York.
It will be observed that the above differs considerably from Dr.
Allen's description, as he calls it a gray animal, while I fail to find
any gray about it save on the underparts, where white and plumbeous
are mingled.
Sigmodon vulcani Allen.
Sigmodon vulcani Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII, 1906,
p. 247.
Type locality. Volcan de Fuego, Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude,
10,000 feet.
Color. Head and upperparts cream-buff lined with black; flanks
cream-buff, no black; underparts gray; outer side of limbs like back;
feet gray; tail above blackish, beneath grayish brown. Ex type in
American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 235; tail, 95; hind foot, 32. Skull:
Total length, 34; zygomatic width, 19. Ex type in American Museum
of Natural History.
Sigmodon minimus goldmani Bailey.
Sigmodon minimus goldmani Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, P- i32-
Type locality. 7 miles north of Palomas, New Mexico. Altitude,
4200 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. minimus, but darker.
Color. Upperparts and head grizzled white, black and buff; under-
parts dark fulvous; tail black; hands and feet blackish; ears black.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 256; tail, 107; hind foot, 31.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 32.7; Hensel, 27.4; zygomatic width,
58 ORYZOMYS.
19.2; intertemporal width, 5.1; length of nasals, 11.3; palatal length,
7.1; length of upper molar series, 6.2; length of mandible, 19.3;
length of lower molar series, 6.5. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Oryzomys (66).
Oryzomys alfaroi incertus Allen.
Oryzomys alfaroi incertus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV,
1908, p. 655.
Type locality. Rio Grande, Nicaragua.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. alfaroi, but smaller and darker.
Color. Head and entire upperparts golden rufous, darkest on
dorsal region; outer side of limbs paler; underparts and inner side
of limbs whitish; hands white, feet pale brown; tail naked, above
blackish, beneath paler; ears blackish brown. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 190; tail, 101; hind foot, 19.7.
Skull: Broken; intertemporal width, 4.7; length of nasals, 10.2;
length of upper molar series, 5.2; length of mandible, 13.4; length of
lower molar series, 4.6. Ex type in American Museum of Natural
History.
Oryzomys bombycinus Goldman.
Oryzomys bombycinus Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, 1912,
No. 36, p. 6.
Type locality. Cerro Azul, near headwaters, of Chagres River,.
Panama. Altitude, 2500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to 0. carrikeri, but fur longer, and the skull
more slender.
Color. Face blackish; upperparts vandyke-brown ; dorsal line
black, flanks paler; underparts whitish; plumbeous color of under-
fur showing; hands and feet dark flesh color; tail above brownish,
beneath grayish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 252; tail, 127; hind foot, 32.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 31.1; Hensel, 23.7; zygomatic width,
15.4; intertemporal width, 5.5; length of nasals, 12.2; palatal length,
6.2; 'length of upper molar series, 3.6; length of mandible, 14.1 ; length
of lower molar series, 5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Oryzomys pirrensis Goldman.
Oryzomys pirrensis Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No. 22,.
P- 5-
ORYZOMYS. 59
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, Panama.
Altitude, 4,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. devius, but darker.
Color. Top of head and upperparts Mars-brown, darkest on
median line from top of head to tail; cheeks paler, rufescent, as are
also shoulders and flanks; throat grayish; rest of underparts dark
ochraceous-buff; base of fur plumbeous; outer side of limbs dark
brownish, a buffy line from wrists to lower edge of forearm; tail above
dark brown, beneath paler; hands blackish, fingers lighter; hind feet
dark brown, toes with tufts of silvery hairs at end of longest four;
ears blackish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 340; tail, 185; hind foot, 38.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 37.3; Hensel, 28.7; zygomatic width,
20; intertemporal width, 6; length of nasals, 14; length of upper molar
series, 6; length of mandible, 19.6; length of lower molar series, 6.1.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Oryzomys carrikeri Allen.
Oryzomys carrikeri Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908.
p. 656.
Type locality. Rio Sicsola, Talamanca; Costa Rica.
Color. Head and upperparts Mars-brown lined with light ochra-
ceous-buff, darkest on dorsal region; flanks ochraceous-buff; outer
side of limbs Mars-brown; underparts and inner side of limbs gray-
ish white; tail dark brown, beneath slightly paler; hands white; feet
pale brown. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 265; tail, 133; hind foot, 30.5.
Skull: Total length, 31.5; intertemporal width, 5; zygomatic width,
14.7; length of nasals, 12; length of molar series, 5; length of man-
dible, 17.1; length of lower molar series, 5.2. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Oryzomys frontalis Goldman.
Oryzomys frontalis Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, No. 36,
1912, p. 6.
Type locality. Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. flavicans, but larger and darker.
Color. Head cinnamon-rufous and dusky; upperparts cinnamon-
rufous; flanks paler; underparts, lips and inner side of limbs white;
hands brownish ; feet white ; tail dusky above and below ; ears brown-
ish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 309; tail, 161; hind foot, 30. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 35.1; Hensel, 27; zygomatic width, 18; inter-
60 ORYZOMYS.
temporal width, 6.7; length of nasals, 12; palatal length, 6.7; length
of upper molar series, 4.9; length of mandible, 17.1; length of lower
molar series, 5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Oryzomys gatunensis Goldman.
Oryzomys gatunensis Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll. LVI, No. 36,
1912, p. 7.
Type locality. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. richmondi but paler; skull wider between
orbits; interparietal smaller.
Color. Face brownish; head and upperparts grizzled black and
raw-umber; flanks buffy; underparts pinkish buff, plumbeous of
under fur showing through; hands and feet flesh color; tail above
grayish brown, beneath paler. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 224; tail, 115; hind foot, 31.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.6; Hensel, 20.8; zygomatic width.
14.5; intertemporal width, 5.3; length of nasals, 10.2; palatal length,
5.2; length of upper molar series, 4.7; length of mandible, 12.9;
length of lower molar series; 5.1. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Oryzomys nicaraguae Allen.
Oryzomys nicaragua Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.. XXVIII,
1910, p. 100.
Type locality. Vijagua, Nicaragua.
Color. Head and upperparts light ochraceous-buff and black;
flanks light ochraceous-buff; chin and throat white; pectoral region
buffy white, abdominal region grayish white; tail above blackish,
beneath paler; hands white, feet pale brown. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 180; tail, no; hind foot, 20.
Skull: Total length, 21.3; Hensel, 15.4; zygomatic width, n; width
of braincase, 10; length of nasals, 8.6; length of upper molar series, 3;
length of mandible, 9.7; length of lower molar series, 3. Ex type in
American Museum of Natural History.
Oryzomys ochraceus Allen.
Oryzomys ochraceus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV,
1908, p. 655.
Type locality. Rio Grande, Nicaragua.
Color. Head and upperparts ochraceous mixed with black on
dorsal region; flanks ochraceous-buff; underparts buff; hands and
ORYZOMYS. MELANOMYS. 61
feet reddish brown; tail above and beneath dark brown, uniform,
naked. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 300; tail, 180; hind foot, 40.
Skull:. Total length, 36; Hensel, 28.3; zygomatic width, 20; inter-
temporal width, 7; length of nasals, 14; length of upper molar series,
5.3; mastoid width, 13; length of mandible, 15.4; length of lower
molar series, 5.3. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Oryzomys richardsoni Allen.
Oryzomys richardsoni Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXVIII,
1910, p. 99.
Type locality. Pena Blanca, Nicaragua.
Color. Upperparts warm buff; hairs tipped with black, base of
hairs plumbeous; flanks light buff, hairs black-tipped; underparts
white with a pinkish tinge; top of head like back; sides of head and
neck like flanks; outer side of limbs slightly darker than flanks;
hands buffy; feet covered sparsely with fine white hairs; tail above
pale brown, lighter beneath; ears dark brown. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail, 150; hind foot, 32.5.
Skull: Total length, 31; Hensel, 24.9; zygomatic width, 17; inter-
temporal width, 5 ; length of nasals, 1 2 ; length of upper molar series,
4.7; length of mandible, 15.9; length of lower molar series, 5.2. Ex
type in American Museum of Natural History.
Genus Melanomys.
Melanomys Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., X, 1902,
p. 248. Type Oryzomys phceopus Thomas.
Melanomys was originally proposed by Thomas as a subgenus of
Oryzomys to embrace an aberrant group included by Bangs in the
genus Zygodontomys, but differing from the species in that genus by
wide skulls, especially between the orbits, and well-marked supra-
orbital ridges, a dark colored pelage, almost naked feet and hands,
and white nails. Dr. J. A. Allen, has reviewed the group (Bull.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, 1913, p. 533) and raised Thomas'
subgenus to full generic rank, recognizing nine species and five sub-
species, ranging from the highlands of Nicaragua to northern Bolivia.,
and eastward to Bogota and the region of the Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta. In Central America two species have been recognized as
Zygodontomys chrysomelas and Z. idoneus which must hereafter be
included in the genus Melanomys. The first is among the species
62 MELANOMYS. NEACOMYS.
of Zygodontomys in the Check-List, 1905. p. 190, the second is described
below.
N
Melanomys idoneus (Goldman).
Oryzomys idoneus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll. LVI, No. 36, p. 5.
Melanomys idoneus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII,
1913, P- 548.
Type locality. Cerro Azul, near headwaters of Chagres River,
Panama. Altitude, 2500 feet.
Color. Above mixed cinnamon-rufous and black; flanks paler;
underparts tawny ochraceous; outer side of limbs dark brownish
cinnamon; hands, feet and tail black, hairs thinly dispersed over the
black skin. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 218; tail, 88; hind foot, 30. Skull:
Total length, 31.5; Occipito-nasal length, 30.9; zygomatic width,
17.5; intertemporal width, 6.5; length of nasals, 12.5; palatal length,
7.5; length of upper molar series, 4.8; length of mandible, 16.6;
length of lower molar series, 3.5. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Neacomys.
Neacomys Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., yth ser., V, 1900,
p. 153. Type Oryzomys spinosus Thomas.
Neacomys pictus Goldman.
Neacomys pictus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1912, No. 2, p. 6.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude, 1800 'feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. pusillus, but larger; feet white.
Color. Feet and upperparts mixed orange-rufous and black, the
black being less strong on cheeks, shoulders and sides where the
ochraceous-buff predominates, and forms a line between the upper and
underparts; orbital rings and nose dusky; lips, throat, inner sides of
forearms and underparts white, the white going to the roots of hairs
on the throat; outer side of forearms ochraceous buffy, becoming
brownish near wrists; inner side of legs pale buffy; tail above dark
brown, paler beneath, but the tip is dark all around. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 159; tail, 83; hind foot, 21.5.
Skull: Greatest length, 21.4; Hensel, 15; zygomatic width, 11.2;
intertemporal width, 4.4; length of nasals, 8.6; palatal length, 3.8;
length of upper molar series, 2.7; length of mandible, 8.6; length of
lower molar series, 2.8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
ZYGODONTOMYS. RHITHRODONTOMYS. 63
Genus Zygodontomys (68).
Zygodontomys cherriei ventriosus Goldman.
Zygodontomys cherriei ventriosus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI,
No. 36, 1912, p. 8.
Type locality. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to Z. cherriei, but larger, color paler.
Color. Head and upperparts grayish brown, dorsal line darker;
flanks paler, more gray; outer side of limbs like flanks; underparts
and inner side of limbs creamy white; tail above grayish, beneath
whitish; hands and feet white, ears brownish, long rusty hairs on
anterior base. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 240; tail, 104; hind foot, 28.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 31.7; Hensel, 25.3; zygomatic width,
15.9; intertemporal width, 4.9; length of nasals, 10.4; palatal length,
6.5; length of upper molar series, 4.2; length of lower molar series, 5.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Rhithrodontomys (70). Harvest Mice.
Rhithrodontomys australis modestus Thomas.
Reithrodontomys (!) modestus Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
7th ser., XX, 1907, p. 163.
Reithrodontomys (!) australis modestus Howell, N. Am. Fauna, No.
36, 1914, p. 63.
Type locality. Jinotega, Nicaragua, Central America.
Rhithrodontomys humulis (Bachman).
Mus humulis Bachman, in Aud. and Bach., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1841, p. 97.
Mus lecontii. Aud. and Bach., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1842,
P- 307-
Mus humilis Aud. and Bach., Quad. N. Am., II, 1851, p. 103, pi.
Ixv, p. i i 6.
Reithrodontomys humulis Osgood, Pro.c. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 49; Howell, N. Am. Fauna, No. 36, 1914, p. 19.
Rhithrodontomys lecontei Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. &
W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 191, Zool. Ser.
Dr. Allen (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VII, 1895, p. 116) rejected
Bachman's name of humulis for this species because it was not stated
in the description that the incisors were grooved, and therefore it
64 RHITHRODONTOMYS.
could not have been a Rhithrodontomys. Mr. Osgood (/. c.) decides
against this view of the case because the original description, the
vernacular name " Little Harvest Mouse" and the colored plate
(No. LXV) all indicate a species of this genus, and not a Mus or
Peromyscus. It might also be advanced that as Bachman regarded it
as belonging to the Linnsean genus Mus, he probably did not look for
or perceive any generic character which might separate his specimen
from the genus in which he placed it, and the grooving was either not
noticed at all, or else regarded as of no especial consequence. The
evidence would seem to prove, however, that it was a Rhithrodontomys
he called Mus humulis, and this was identical with the species found
on the eastern coast of South Carolina and Georgia, and that R.
lecontii (Aud. & Bach.) must become a synonym.
Rhithrodontomys raviventris Dixon.
Reithrodontomys (!) raviventris Dixon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI,
1908, p. 197.
Type locality. Redwood City, San Mateo County, California.
Genl. Char. Darker than R. longicauda, underparts bright fulvous.
Color. Sides of nose brownish black; lips black; chin has white
spot in some examples: upperparts black; hands and feet purple;
fingers and toes white; underparts bright fulvous; tail black.
Measurements. Total length, 146; tail, 70; hind foot, 17.
Rhithrodontomys halicostes Dixon.
Reithrodontomys (!) halicostes Dixon, Univ. Cal. Pub. Zool., V. 1909,
p. 271.
Type locality. Three miles south of Petaluma, Sonora County,
California.
Rhithrodontomys griseus Bailey.
Reithrodontomys griseus Ba'ley, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905, p. 106.
Little Gray Harvest Mouse.
Type locality. San Antonio, Texas.
Geogr. Dist. From San Antonio north into southeastern Nebraska.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short, bicolor.
Color. Above dark buffy gray, dorsal line darker; black spots on
upper outer surface of ear, and another on the lower inner surface;
hands, feet, and underparts white; tail above blackish, beneath white.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 120; tail vertebrae, 56; hind foot, 14.
Skull: Occipi to-nasal length, 19.2; basal length, 16; nasals, 7; zygo-
matic breadth, 10.4; mastoid breadth, 9; width of braincase, 9.8;
RITHRODONTOMYS. 65
interorbital constriction, 3. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
4680. Rhithrodontomys amoenus Elliot.
Rhithrodontomys amcenus Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII,
iQ05> p. 234.
Type locality. Reforma, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Gent. Char. Allied to R. helvolus but color different.
Color. Fore part of back, cheeks and shoulders pale ochraceous -
buff ; top of head, lower part of back, rump and flanks dull ochraceous-
rufous, tinged with hazel; underparts, hands and feet white; tail
brownish above, white beneath. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural
History, Chicago.
Measurements. Total length, 148; tail, 81; hind foot, 8.5. SkuU:
Total length, 20; Hensel, 14; zygomatic width, 10; interorbital con-
striction, 3; palatal length, 8; length of nasals, 6; length of upper
molar series, 4; length of mandible, 12; length of lower molar series, 4.
Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
Rhithrodontomys megalotis nigrescens Howell.
Reithrodontomys (!) megalotis nigrescens Howell, N. Am. Fauna,
1914, No. 36, p. 32.
Type locality. Payette, Idaho.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Oregon and western Idaho; north to Pres-
cott, Washington, south to Bieber, California.
Gent. Char. Similar to R. megalotis, but black above less buffy.
Color. Summer Pelage. More brownish generally and less black
than in winter.
Winter Pelage. Upperparts mixed black and pale ochraceous,
darkest on dorsal region; buff lateral line indistinct ; tail above black-
ish brown, beneath white; underparts, hands and feet white; ears
hair-brown; hairs ochraceous. Type in United States National
Museum.
Rhithrodontomys amoles Howell.
Reithrodontomys (!) amoles Howell, N. Am. Fauna, 1914, No. 36,
p. 40.
Type locality. Pinal de Amoles, Queretaro, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like R. m. saturatus but smaller; zygomata parallel;
bullae smaller, flatter.
Color. Upperparts black and ochraceous-buff mixed; underparts
whitish, pectoral region tinged with ochraceous-buff; tail above fus-
66 RITHRODONTOMYS.
cous, beneath grayish white; hands white, with a dusky stripe on
upper side; feet whitish; ears dark brown. Type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 154; tail, 83; hind foot, 16.5. Type
in United States National Museum.
Rhithrodontomys fulvescens chiapensis Howell.
Reithrodontomys (!) fulvescens chiapensis Howell, N. Am. Fauna,
1914, No. 36, p. 53.
Type locality. Can job, Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Highlands of the State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Gent. Char. Similar to R. heholus but darker and smaller.
Color. Upperparts ochraceous-salmon, lined with black; lateral
line salmon; underparts grayish white; tail above fuscous, beneath
whitish; hands and feet grayish ; ears fuscous. Type in United States
National Museum.
Rhithrodontomys fulvescens nelsoni Howell.
Reithrodontomys^ (I) fulvescens nelsoni Howell, N. Am. Fauna, 1914,
No. 36, p. 53.
Type locality. Colima, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Coast region of the State of Colima and Province
of Tepic, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. tenuis but smaller; more ochraceous.
Color. Upperparts deep ocbraceous-buff; tail above fuscous,
beneath grayish white; hands pale buff, feet whitish; ears dusky;
hair brown. Type in United States National Museum.
Rhithrodontomys fulvescens mustelinus Howell.
Reithrodontomys (!) fulvescens mustelinus Howell, N. Am. Fauna,
1914, No. 36, p. 54.
Type locality. Llano Grande, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Coast regions of the States of Oaxaca and Guerrero.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. heholus but darker; underparts buffy.
Color. Upperparts ochraceous-salmon mixed with black; under-
parts pinkish buff; tail above fuscous, beneath whitish; hands buffy
white; hind feet grayish white; ears hair-brown. Type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 184; tail, 105; hind foot, 20.
Rhithrodontomys rufescens luteolus Howell.
Reithrodontomys (!) rufescens luteolus Howell, N. Am. Fauna, 1914,
No. 36, p. 57.
RHITHRODONTOMYS. SCOTINOMYS. 67
Type locality, Juquila Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 5,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains in States of Oaxaca and Guerrero,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. rufescens but not so blackish.
Color. Upperparts rich ochraceous-buff, suffused on back with
blackish brown; underparts pale pinkish cinnamon; tail above fus-
cous, beneath whitish; hands and feet whitish, buff tinged; ears fus-
cous. Type in United States National Museum.
Rhithrodontomys alleni Howell.
Reithrodontomys (!) alleni Howell, N. Am. Fauna, No. 36, 1914,
P- 59-
Type locality. Ozolotepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude 10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. coiimcz, but back darker, whiter beneath,
and tail longer. Molars without accessory enamel loops.
Color. Upperparts light pinkish cinnamon mixed with black,
darkest on dorsal .line; underparts white; tail above fuscous, beneath
paler; hands buffy white, feet grayish white tinged with hair-brown;
ears pale fuscous. Type in United States National Museum. .
Measurements. Total length, 182; tail, 100; hind foot, 19.
Genus Scotinomys.
Scotinomys Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XI, 8th ser., 1913,
p. 408. Type Hesperomys teguina Alston.
This genus was instituted by Thomas to replace Acodon (71) for
the Central American species formerly referred to that genus.
Scotinomys teguina (Alston).
Hesperomys teguina Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 755;
Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub.
IV, Pt. I, 1904, p. 273, -figs. 44, xlii, Zool. Ser.; Id. Check-
List Mamm. N. Amer. Cont. and W. Indies, F. C. M., Pub. VI,
1905, p. 204, Zool. Ser.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala.
Scotinomys teguina apricus (Bangs).
Akodon (!) teguina apricus Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXIX,
1902, p. 40; Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and W. Indies, F. C.
M. Pub., IV, Pt. I, 1904, p. 274, Zool. Ser. Id. Check-List
Mamm. N. Amer. Cont. and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub. VI, 1905,
p. 204, Zool. Ser.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama.
58 SCOTINOMYS. RHIPIDOMYS. NEOTOMA.
Scotinomys irazu (Allen).
Akodon (!) irazu Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, 1904, p. 46;
Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub.
IV, Pt. i, 1904, p. 274; Id. Mamm. N. Amer. Cont. and W.
Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 204, Zool. Ser.
Type locality. Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica.
Scotinomys xerampelinus (Bangs).
Akodon (!) xerampelinus Bangs, Bull. Mus. Compf Zool., XXXIX,
1902, p. 41; Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and W. Indies,
F. C. M. Pub., IV, Pt. i, 1904, p. 275, Zool. Ser.; Id. Mamm.
N. Amer. Cont. and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 205,
Zool. Ser.
Type locality. Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, Panama.
Genus* Rhipidomys.
Rhipidomys Tschudi, Wiegm. Archiv. Naturg., I, 1844, p. 252.
Type Hesperomys leucodactylus Tschudi.
Rhipidomys scandens Goldman.
Rhipodomys scandens Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll. LX, 1913, No. 22,
p. 8.
Type locality. Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern Panama. Alti-
tude, 5000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to R. Venezuela, but darker.
Color. Entire upperparts pale cinnamon-rufous lined with black;
underparts, hairs white to the roots; tail brownish above and beneath
with slight tuft at tip; hands white; feet white, on outer side; choco-
late-brown on inner. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 330; tail, 198; hind foot, 32.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 31.1; Hensel, 26.8; zygomatic width,
19.2; intertemporal width, 5.3; length of nasals, 18.8; length of upper
molar series, 5.7; length of mandible, 15.2; length of lower molar
series, 5.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Neotominae. Wood Rats.
Genus Neotoma (72).
Neotoma fuscipes simplex True.
Neotoma macrotis simplex True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII,
1894, p. 354.
NEOTOMA. 69
Neotoma fuscipes dispar Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., IX, 1894,
p. 124; Elliot, Syn. Mamm. N. Amer., 1901, p. 160 (F. C. M.
Pub., Zool. Ser. II).
Type locality. Fort Tejon, California.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern basal slopes of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo
and Kern Counties, California, and through Walker Pass to the foot-
hill region at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley, Upper
Sonora Zone.
Genl. Char. Hairs of under surfaces unicolored to roots; anterior
palatal spine touches the vomer.
Color. Entire upperparts fuscous and buff; underparts white to
root of hairs; hands and feet white; tail black above, white beneath.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail, 167; hind foot, 35; ear,
27.
Neotoma floridana illinoensis Howell.
Neotoma floridana illinoensis Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII,
1910, p. 28.
Type locality. Wolf Lake, Union County, Illinois.
Geogr. Distr. Swamp region of southern Illinois and southward to
northeastern Arkansas. Austroriparian division of lower austral zone.
Genl. Char. Like N. baileyi but tail darker and longer.
Color. Fore part of head and face gray, above mixed buff and
black, sometimes ochraceous-buff and black ; underparts grayish white
with a yellow tinge; tail blackish above, grayish white below; hands
and feet white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 395; tail, 190; hind foot, 37. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 49; in tertemporal width, 6.5; zygomatic width,
25; length of nasals, 19.6; palatal length, 8.6; length of upper molar
series, 10; length of mandible, 26.6; length of lower molar series, 8.9.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Neotoma intermedia pretiosa Goldman.
Neotoma intermedia pretiosa Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 139.
Type locality. Matancita (also called Soledad), 50 miles north
of Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude 100 feet.
Geogr. Distr. West coast and islands of Lower California from
San Jorge (southwest of Comondu) south to Margarita Island, Lower
Sonoran Zone.
Genl. Char. Larger and paler than N. intermedia, tail shorter;
bullse larger.
70 NEOTOMA.
Color. Top of head and one-third of upperparts pale drab-gray
mixed with dusky or rusty hairs; rest of upperparts pale ochraceous-
buff, more ochraceous on dorsal line; cheeks and flanks pale drab-gray,
underparts white; hands and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath
grayish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 370; tail, 165; hind foot, 41. Skull:
Total length, 47.4; Hensel, 39.6; zygomatic width, 24.6; intertempo-
ral width, 6.4; length of nasals, 18.2; palatal length, 6.4; length of
upper molar series, 8.4; length of mandible, 24; length of lower molar
series, 8.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
It* will be noticed that the above description does not agree with
that of Mr. Goldman (/. c.) as he makes the entire upperparts pale
drab-gray, while the type has only about one-third of the upperparts
of that color.
Neotoma intermedia perpallida Goldman.
Neotoma intermedia perpallida Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 139.
Type locality. San Jose Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, Lower
Sonoran Zone.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. intermedia but smaller and paler.
Color. Top of head grizzled; upperparts pale drab-gray, tinged
with rusty 'or cinnamon, darkest on lower back; cheeks and flanks light
buff paler than upperparts; -underparts white, under fur plumbeous;
hands and feet white; tail above pale grayish, beneath white. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 308.4; tail, 151.9; hind foot, 32.6.
Skull: Badly broken. Zygomatic width, 22; length of nasals, 16.8;
length of upper molar series, 9.6; length of mandible, 18.8; length of
lower molar series, 8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Mr. Goldman in his description makes the cheeks and flanks drab-
gray, but in the type I find these parts are a light buff.
Neotoma intermedia vicina Goldman.
Neotoma intermedia vicina Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII,
1909, p. 140.
Type locality. Espiritu Santo Island, off east coast of southern
Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Lower Sonoran Zone and upper border of arid Tropical Zone.
Genl. Char. Nearest to N. i. perpallida but darker in color.
Color. Top of head and upperparts pale buff and rusty, plumbeous
of under fur affecting slightly the general color; darkest on dorsal
NEOTOMA. 71
region, rump like interscapular region; cheeks and flanks pale buff;
underparts white; hands and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath
grayish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 359; tail, 153; hind foot, 27.9.
Skull: Total length, 43.9; intertemporal width, 5.5; zygomatic width,
23.5; length of nasals, 16.4; palatal length, 6.8; length of upper molar
series, 8.1; length of mandible, 22.9; length of lower molar series, 7.9.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Mr. Goldman (I. c.) describes the upperparts of this form as a
brownish drab, but I do not find it so in the type, but as given above,
nor are the cheeks and flanks brownish drab, but decidedly a pale buff.
JNTeotoma abbreviata Goldman.
Neotoma abbreviata Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909,
p. 140.
Type locality. San Francisco Island (near southern end of San
Jose Island), Gulf of California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Like N. intermedia but smaller; tail very short.
Color. Above pale drab-gray, dusky hairs mingled on top of head
and back, rump tinged with cinnamon or pale rusty; underparts
whitish, fur at base plumbeous; hands and feet white; tail above pale
grayish, beneath white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Neotoma ferruginea chamula Goldman.
Neotoma ferruginea chamula Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII,
1909, p. 141.
Type locality. Mountains near San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico.
Altitude 8,400 feet.
Geogr. Distr. High mountains of Central Chiapas, Mexico, and
southwestern Guatemala, Transition and Canadian Zones.
Genl. Char. Resembling N. ferruginea but darker. Size large.
Color. Upperparts tawny cinnamon-rufous, many hairs tipped
with black; outer sides of limbs hair-brown, a brownish buff tinge
on hind legs; underparts dull white; hands white; feet dusky; toes
white; nose, lips and ankles dusky; tail blackish above, grayish brown
below. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 363; tail, 178; hind foot, 39.
Skull: Total length, 45.6; zygomatic width, 23; intertemporal width,
5.8; length of nasals, 18.3; palatal length, 8.9; length of upper molar
series, 9.3; length of mandible, 22.7; length of lower molar series, 9.6.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
72 NEOTOMA.
Neotoma albigula warreni Merriam.
Neotoma albigula warreni Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIr
1908, p. 143.
Type locality. Gaumes Ranch, Baca County (northwest corner) r
Colorado. Altitude 4,600 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Plains region of southeastern Colorado, and north-
eastern New Mexico, Upper Sonoran Zone.
Genl. Char. Skull compared with that of N. albigula, its nearest
relative, is shorter and broader; rostrum more swollen; nasals broader f
wider anteriorly; zygomatic arch more spreading; bullae smaller.
Color. Upperparts gray, darkest on lower back; cheeks gray;
underparts white; tail above black, beneath white; hands and feet
white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 324; tail, 137; hind foot, 36. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 43.5; Hensel, 36.2; zygomatic width, 23.4;
intertemporal width, 5.7; length of nasals, 17.6; palatal length, 8;
length of upper molar series, 8.4; length of mandible, 23.2; length of
lower molar series, 8.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Neotoma albigula zacatecae Goldman.
Neotoma leucodon zacatecce Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII,
1905, p. 30.
Neotoma albigula zacatecce Goldm., N. Am. Fauna, 1910, No. 31,.
1910, p. 38.
Type locality. Plateado, Zacatecas, Mexico. Altitude 7000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre in western Zacatecas, Mexico, Transi-
tion Zone.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. leucodon but darker, skull across ante-
rior roots of zygomata more arched; rostrum more decurved; upper
incisors smaller.
Color. Entire upperparts pale cinnamon; cheeks and sides paler;
dorsal line darker, hairs black- tipped ; rump reddish; upper lip dusky;
chest and inguinal region pure white; rest of underparts creamy white;
tail above brownish black, beneath white; hands and feet white. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 358; tail, 162; hind foot, 37.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 45.3; Hensel, 38.7; zygomatic width
(broken); intertemporal width, 9.3; length of nasals, 16.6; length of
upper molar series, 9; length of mandible, 23.7; length of lower molar
series, 8.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Neotoma albigula seri Townsend.
Neotoma albigula seri Towns., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI f
1912, p. 125.
NEOTOMA. 73
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Very like N. albigula; skull has a narrower inter-
temporal area; narrower nasals, especially at anterior end.
Color. Head, entire upperparts and flanks light buff; the hairs on
lower back and rump tipped with black, giving these parts a darker hue;
entire underparts and inner side of limbs white; hands and feet white;
outer side of arms light buff like flanks ; outer side of hind legs darker,
like rump; tail above blackish, thinly haired; beneath white; ears
naked, dark. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 334; tail, 154; hind foot, 35.
This rat in general appearance is almost precisely like N. albigula,
but the skull of the type, that of a young adult male exhibits differences
as mentioned above. Whether these would retain their comparative
dimensions in a series of old adult examples is difficult to determine,
but a comparison with such specimens, when obtained, is desirable.
The type could not well be separated from N. albigula on its exterior
appearance.
Neotoma insularis Townsend.
Neotoma insularis Towns., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI,
1912, p. 125.
Type locality. Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California,
Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. intermedia gilva, but paler. Skull is
broader, the rostrum and teeth heavier.
Color. Entire upperparts and head light buff, lined on lower back
and rump with black; entire underparts, inner side of limbs, hands
and feet white; outer side of limbs pale buff; tail above very sparsely
covered with short white hairs, beneath white. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 290; tail, 120; hind foot, 35.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 38.8; Hensel, 36.8; zygomatic width,
21.8; intertemporal width, 5.2; length of nasals, 17.6; length of palate,
16.7; length of upper molar series, 8.5; length of mandible, 20.6;
length of lower molar series, 8.6. Ex type in United States. National
Museum .
Neotoma chrysomelas Allen.
Neotoma chrysomelas Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV,
1908, p. 653.
Type locality. Matagalpa, Nicaragua. .
Geogr. Distr. Known only from the type-locality. Altitude 3000
feet.
74 EVOTOMYS.
Color. Top of head and dorsal region to base of tail golden-brown
lined with black; sides of head and body golden-brown; no black lines;
throat, underparts and inner side of limbs white; outer side of limbs
golden-brown, passing into dusky toward wrists and ankles; hands
white, feet mixed white and dusky; tail hairy, black above grayish
beneath; ears dark brown, mostly naked. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail, 170; hind foot, 36.
Skull: Total length, 47; Hensel, 38.5; zygomatic width, 25; inter-
temporal width, 6.6; length of nasals, 19; length of upper molar series,
8.7; length of mandible, 24.1; length of lower molar series, 9.1. Ex
type in American Museum of Natural History.
Subfamily Microtinae.
Genus Evotomys (80).
Evotomys phaeus Swarth.
Evotomys phaus Swarth, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., VII, 1911, p. 127.
Type locality. Marten Arm, Boca de Quadra, Alaska.
Evotomys dawsoni insularis Heller.
Evotomys dawsoni insularis Heller, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., V,
iQio, P- 339-
Type locality. Canoe Passage, Hawkins Island, Prince William
Sound, Alaska.
Evotomys gapperi athabascae Preble.
Evotomys gapperi athabasca Preble, N. Am. Fauna, 1908, No. 27,
p. 178.
Type locality. Fort Smith, Slave River, near Alberta- Mackenzie
Line, Canada.
Genl. Char. Equal in size to E. gapperi; face grayer, flanks and
lower parts lighter. Skull larger; braincase less round.
Color. Red Phase. Nose and sides of face gray; underparts white ;
hands white; feet pale brown; tail above brown, white beneath. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 148; tail, 38; hind foot, 1 8. Skull:
Occipi to-nasal length, 25.3; Hensel, 21.5; zygomatic width, 13.1;
intertemporal width, 3.9; length of nasals, 7.8; length of upper molar
series, 5.2; length of mandible, 13; length of lower molar series, 5.4.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
EVOTOMYS. MICROTUS. 75
Evotomys limitis Bailey.
Evotomys limitis Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913, p.
133:
Type locality. Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico. Altitude
8500 'feet.
Genl. Char. Larger and grayer than E. galei. Skull and teeth
heavier.
Color. Nose and face dark gray ; top of head and upperparts pale
chestnut; flanks buffy; underparts white; plumbeous of under-fur
showing; tail reddish brown above, white beneath; hands and feet
whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 162; tail, 42; hind foot, 20. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 26.1; Hensel, 22.9; zygomatic width, 14.7;
intertemporal width, 3.9; length of nasals, 8; length of upper molar
series, 5.3; length of mandible, 13.6. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Genus Micro tus (81).
Microtus admiraltiae Heller.
Micro tus admiralties Heller, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., V, 1909, p.
256.
Type locality. Windfall Harbor, Admiralty Island, Alaska.
Microtus miurus Osgood.
Microtus miurus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, 1901, No. 21, p. 64.
Type locality. Head of Bear Creek in mountains near Hope City,
Turnagain Arm, Cook Inlet, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Size small, tail short. Skull: Superior outline nearly
straight, interorbital region slightly depressed; dorsal depressions
between fron to-maxillary sutures; interparietal twice as long as wide;
third upper molar with two closed triangles; first lower molar with five
closed triangles, five inner and four outer salient angles.
Color. Fall Pelage. Upperparts, face, sides and flanks pale tawny,
mixed slightly with black; underparts buffy; tail dusky above, on
sides and beneath buffy. Worn Summer Pelage. Upperparts pale
buffy gray, plumbeous at roots of hair; underparts whitish gray,
faintly suffused with buff. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 153; tail vertebrae, 31; hind foot,
90. Skull: Basal length, 26; zygomatic breadth, 15; mastoid breadth,
11.4; nasals, 7; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.2. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
76 MICROTUS.
Microtus miurus oreas Osgood.
Microtus miurus oreas Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 61.
Type locality. Toklat River, Alaskan Range, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. miurus, but more ochraceous; tail
shorter. Skull narrower; braincase longer; zygomata not so wide
anteriorly.
Color. Upperparts and flanks clay-color, mixed on back with
dusky; underparts pale ochraceous-buff; hands and feet cream-buff;
tail pale ochraceous-buff, tinged with dusky above. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 125; tail, 20; hind foot, 19.2.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 24.5; zygomatic width, 13;
intertemporal width, 3.4; length of nasals, 7.4; length of upper molar
series, 5.2; length of mandible, 14.5; length of lower molar series, 5.7.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner).
Hypudaus ochrogaster Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., Ill, 1842,
p. 592.
Armcola austerus Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 405.
. Armcola (Pedomys) cinnamomea Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, P-
541-
Microtus austerus Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., F. C. M. Pub., II,
1901, p. 196, fig. 40, Zool. Ser.; Id. Check-List Mamm. N. Am.
Cont. and West Indies, VI, 1905, p. 248.
Microtus ochrogaster Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 48.
Type locality. Racine, Racine County, Wisconsin.
Geogr. Distr. Central portion of Mississippi Valley from Wisconsin
to southern Missouri and Fort Reno, Oklahoma, west to eastern Kan-
sas and Nebraska.
In the synonymy of Microtus austerus (which was the name of
this species in the Check-List, p. 248) Hypudaus ochrogaster is
placed with a ?. Osgood (/. c.) has shown that his name belongs to the
larger specimen of the two Wagner had for his type, and therefore it
will be the one by which the species will be hereafter known. The
type is in the Zoological Museum, Munich.
Microtus elymocetes Osgood.
Microtus elymocetes Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906.
p. 71.
MICROTUS. 77
Type locality. East side of Montague Island, Prince William
Sound, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Size large; similar in color to M. yakutatensis. Skull
large and heavy; zygomata deeply notched anteriorly.
Color. Upperparts raw-umber, color produced by a mixture of
cinnamon and dusky; pectoral and inguinal regions grayish; rest of
underparts clay-color; head and flanks like back; tail above dark
brown, beneath whitish; hands dusky brown, edges whitish gray;
feet grayish white at base, dusky brown apically. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 201; tail, 40; hind foot, 23.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 31; Hensel, 29; zygomatic width, 18.6;
intertemporal width 3.9; length of nasals, 9.2; length of upper molar
series, 7.4; length of mandible, 18.3; length of lower molar series, 7.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Microtus mordax bernardinus Merriam.
Microtus mordax bernardinus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI,
1908, p. 145.
Type locality. Dry Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, California.
Altitude, 9000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. mordax in general appearance. Skull
heavier; nasals longer and broader; zygomatic arches wider, and
zygomatic processes more developed.
Color. Upperparts snuff -brown; tips of hairs buffy; cheeks gray;
flanks pale grayish brown mixed with buffy; underparts grayish
white, plumbeous under-fur showing; tail brown above, whitish
beneath; hands dusky, feet pale brown. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1 80; tail, 56; hind foot, 21. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 23.3; zygomatic width, 15.3;
length of nasals, 7.7; palatal length, 6; length of upper molar series,
6.3; length of mandible, 15.2; length of lower molar series, 9.2. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Microtus provectus Bangs.
Microtus provectus Bangs, Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, IV, 1908,
p. 19.
Type locality. Block Island, Rhode Island.
Genl. Char. Larger than M. pennsylvanicus, belly gray. Skull
longer than narrower.
Color. Upperparts yellow-bistre, some hairs with dusky brown
tips; underparts gray; middle of belly and between arms whitish;
hands and feet dusky brown; tail above dusky, beneath grayish.
78 MICROTUS.
Measurements. Total length, 169-184; tail, 44-50; hind foot,
22-23. Skull: Basal length, 28.6; Occipito-nasal length, 29; length
of nasals, 8.8; zygomatic width, 17; interorbital width, 4; width
of nasals, 3.4; mastoid width, n; upper molar series, 7; length of
palate to palatal notch, 14.6; to end of pterygoid, 19.4; length of
palatal slits, 5.2; length of single half of mandible, 18.4; lower molar
series, 6.8 (Bangs).
Microtus operarius endqecus Osgood.
Microtus operarius endoscus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, 1909, No. 30,
P. 23.
Type locality. Mouth of Charlie Creek, Yukon River, about
fifty miles above Circle, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Like M. operarius, bullae larger.
Color. Same as M. operarius (see Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
p. 187). No difference in outward appearance. Type compared with
M. operarius in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 179; tail, 42; hind foot, 20. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 27.5; Hensel, 26.1; zygomatic width, 15.8;
intertemporal width, 3.7; length of nasals, 7.8; length of upper molar
series, 6.7; length of mandible, 15.3; length of lower molar series, 6.9.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Microtus coronarius Swarth.
Microtus coronarius Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., VII, 1911,
p. 131.
Type locality. Egg Harbor, Coronation Island, Alaska.
Microtus (Lagurus) curtatus artemisiae Anthony.
Microtus curtatus artemisia Anthony, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXXII, 1913, p. 14.
Type locality. Ironside, Malheur County, Oregon. Altitude
4000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. curtatus but smaller. Skull shorter,
nasals shorter; zygomatic width greater; mastoid breadth greater;
bullae smaller, upper tooth-row shorter.
Color. Upperparts and head gray, washed with pale bistre;
lower rump buffy ; underparts white, plumbeous base of hairs conspicu-
ous; ears blackish, covered sparsely with buffy hairs; tail above bistre,
beneath whitish. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 129; tail, 24; hind foot, 17. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 23.2; Hensel, 20.8; zygomatic width, 14.2;
intertemporal width, 3.2; length of nasals, 6.5; length of upper molar
MICROTUS. ONDATRA. 79
series, 5.8; length of, mandible, 13.1; length of lower molar series, 5.8.
Ex type in American Museum' of Natural History.
Microtus intermedius Taylor.
Microtus (Lagurus) intermedius Taylor, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.,
VII, 1911, p. 253.
Type locality. Head of Big Creek, Pine Forest Mountains, Hum-
boldt County, Nevada. Altitude 8000 feet.
Subgenus E. Chilotus.
Microtus oregoni adocetus Merriam.
Microtus oregoni adocetus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908,
P- 145-
Type locality. South Yolla Bolly Mountain, California.
Genl. Char. Size large, ears small; skull like that of M. oregoni
but larger; rostrum longer; nasals and teeth larger.
Color. Upperparts sepia to reddish sepia-brown; underparts
buffy plumbeous, under fur showing; tail above dark brown, beneath
paler; hands and feet whitish. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 172; tail, 49; hind foot, 21. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 25.6; Hensel, 23.5; zygomatic width, 16;
intertemporal width, 4.2; length of nasals, 7.4; palatal length, 13;
length of upper molar series, 6; length of mandible, 16; length of
lower molar series, 6.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Ondatra.
Ondatra zibethica zalophus (Hollister).
Fiber zibethicus zalophus Hollist., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII,
1910, p. i.
Type locality. Becharof Lake, Alaska.
Geogr. Distr. Alaskan Peninsula, north to Nushagak and east
to the head of Cook Inlet.
Genl. Char. Tail short; hind foot small, redder in color than
O. z. spatulata; molars small; zygomata less spreading anteriorly.
Color. Upperparts bistre, darkest on hips; flanks with a tinge of
russet; underparts creamy white, washed with cinnamon; brown
streak on chin; lips whitish; throat white. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
80 ONDATRA.
Measurements. Total length, 59.4; tail, 185; hind foot, 66. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 60.7; Hensel, 55.6; zygomatic width, 38.3;
intertemporal width, 5.8; length of nasals, 20.9; breadth of nasals,
9.2; length of upper molar series, 14.4; length of mandible, 36.5; length
of lower molar series, 13.8. Ex type in United States National Museum .
Ondatra zibethica mergens (Hollister).
Fiber zibethica mergens Hollist., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII,
1910, p. i.
Type locality. Fallen, Churchill County, Nevada.
Geogr. Distr. Northern part of the Great Basin; southeastern
Oregon, northeastern California, Nevada, and western Utah.
Gent. Char. Similar to O. osoyoosensis but paler; dorsal stripe
distinct.
Color. Head blackish; cheeks rusty; upperparts grayish brown;
dorsal line blackish; shoulders and flanks rusty; blackish brown spot
on chin; underparts creamy white with a pale cinnamon central area.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 540; tail, 240; hind foot, 70.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 60.7; Hensel, 58.4; zygomatic width,
40; intertemporal width, 6.7; length of nasals, 21; length of upper
molar series, 15.5; length of mandible, 32.3; length of lower molar
series, 14.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Ondatra zibethica cinnamomina (Hollister) .
Fiber zibethicus cinnamominus Hollist., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXIII, 1910, p. 125.
Type locality. Wakeeney, Trego County, Kansas.
Geogr. Distr. Great Central Plains region of western United
States and Canada, from Manitoba south to northern Texas; east to
central Iowa, and west to the Rocky Mountains.
Genl. Char. Smaller than F. zibethicus; color pale but more red-
dish.
Color. Nose seal-brown; cheeks clay-color; upperparts and
flanks cinnamon-brown; dorsal region slightly darker; small brown
spot on chin; underparts from throat and inner side of limbs creamy
clay-color; tail dark brown; hands and feet drab. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, (skin), 436; tail, 190; hind foot,
45.4. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 57.4; Hensel, 52; zygomatic
width, 34; intertemporal width, 6.07; palatal length, 35; length of
nasals, 19.5; length of upper molar series, 14.2; length of mandible,
angle to symphysis, 28.2; length of lower molar series, 14.5. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
SYNAPTOMYS. DICROSTONYX. GEOMYS. 81
Genus Synaptomys (83).
Synaptpmys borealis (Richardson).
Armcola borealis Richardson, Zool. Journ., Ill, 1828, p. 517.
Synaptomys (Mictomys) bullatus Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XV, 1902, p. 181; Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont.
and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 258, Zool. Ser.
(desc.).
Synaptomys borealis Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 49.
1 Type .locality. Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie,
Canada.
Mr. Osgood (/. c.) having examined Richardson's type of this
species found it to be identical with S. bullatus Preble, and therefore
Richardson's name borealis must in the future be the one by which the
species is known.
Genus Dicrostonyx (85).
Dicrostonyx hudsonius groenlandicus (Traill).
Mus grcenlandicus Traill, Scoresby's Journ. Voy. Northern Whale-
Fishery, 1823, p. 416.
Type locality. Jameson's Land, Greenland.
Family Geomyidae.
Genus Geomys (89).
Geomys breviceps llanensis Bailey.
Geomys bremceps llanensis Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905,
p. 129.
Type locality. Llano, Llano County, Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to G. bremceps, but paler and larger; skull
more arched.
Color. Entire upperparts light liver-brown; back tinged with
dusky; underparts creamy white; tail buff. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
1 The locality, given in the Check- List (/. c.), "Trout Rock near Fort Rae, Great
Slave Lake, Mackenzie, Canada," is of course that of Treble's specimen, called by
him 'bullatus,' and now a synonym of borealis.
82 ORTHOGEOMYS. HETEROGEOMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 270; tail, 88; hind foot, 32. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 47.2; Hensel, 40; zygomatic width, 29.6; inter-
temporal width, 6.3; length of nasals, 17.5; length of upper molar
series, 8.5; length of mandible, 29; length of lower molar series, 8.4.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Orthogeomys (90).
Straight-headed Pocket Gophers.
Orthogeomys cuniculus Elliot.
Orthogeomys cuniculus Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII,
iQ°5> P- 234-
Type locality. Yautepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type-locality.
Genl. Char. Size medium; no nasal pad; hair scanty; pelage
rather harsh; tail long, naked; skull heavy; zygomata slender, nar-
rowest posteriorly; nasals long.
Color. Upper and underparts vandyke-brown; flesh color of skin
visible through the scant pelage; hands, feet and tail flesh color. Ex
type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 330; tail, 95; hind foot, 44; ear, 7.
Skull: Total length, 59; Hensel, 50; zygomatic width, 26; inter-
temporal width, 12; palatal length, 26; median length of nasals, 23;
width anteriorly, 7; width posteriorly, 4; length of upper molar series,
8; length of mandible, 47; length of lower molar series, 8. Ex type
in Field Museum of Natural History.
Genus Heterogeomys (91).
Distinct Pocket Gophers.
66 1 a. Heterogeomys lanius Elliot.
Heterogeomys lanius Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905,
P- 235.
Type locality. Xuchil, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Size large; fur soft, woolly; color very dark. Skull
very heavy; nasals long, widening greatly anteriorly; zygomata
broad anteriorly; palatal arch pointed but not acute; pterygoids
HETEROGEOMYS. MACROGEOMYS. 83
graduated to acute point; incisors large, heavy, curved; mandible
heavy, compact.
Color. Entire upperparts and sides blackish seal-brown; under-
parts dark hair-brown ; numerous white hairs on rump at base of tail and
all over the underparts, the base of tail being almost white; hands
and feet very dark seal-brown; tail blackish, naked; claws very long,
curved, horn-color. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 361; tail, 90; hind foot, 54; ear, 10.
Skull: Total length, 64; Hensel, 51; zygomatic width, 41.5; inter-
temporal width, 14; palatal length, 39.; length of nasals, 26; width
posteriorly, 6; width anteriorly, 10; length of upper molar series, 14;
length of mandible to tip of incisors, 53; length of lower molar series,
13. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Genus Macrogeomys (92).
Large Pocket Gophers.
Macrogeomys matagalpae Allen.
Macrogeomys matagalpa Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,,
XXVIII, 1910, p. 97. •
Type locality. Pena Blanca, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Macrogeomys dariensis Goldman.
Macrogeomys dariensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912,
p. 8.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. . Altitude, 2000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar in size to M. cavator, tail longer; skull longer,
narrower posteriorly; braincase and rostrum narrower; third upper
molar shorter, heel less produced ; incisors narrower.
Color. Head and upperparts chocolate-brown; rest of body nearly
devoid of hair, only some scattering light brown ones; hands, feet and
tail brownish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 401; tail, 132; hind foot, 53.5.
Skull: Total length, .69.3; Hensel, 61.6; zygomatic width, 44.7; inter-
temporal width, 10.9; length of nasals, 27.8; length of upper molar
series, 15.1; length of mandible, 48.2; length of lower molar series,
13.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
84 THOMOMYS.
Genus Thomomys (94).
Pocket Gophers.
Thomomys albatus Grinnell.
Thomomys albatus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, 1912, p. 172.
Type locality. West side of Colorado River, at old Hanlon Ranch,
near Pilot Knob, Imperial County, California.
Thomomys talpoides agrestis Merriam.
Thomomys talpoides agrestis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI,
1908, p. 144.
Type locality. Medano Ranch, San Luis Valley, Colorado.
Genl. Char. Like T. talpoides but color paler. Skull longer and
narrower; zygomata less wide; jugal part of zygomatic arch narrower.
Color. Upperparts drab, sometimes the top of the head tinged
with pale red; dusky ear-spots; underparts whitish, plumbeous under
fur showing; tail above and beneath buffy; hands and feet white.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail, 55; foot, 29. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 41.2; Hensel, 35.6; zygomatic width, 23.6;
intertemporal width, 6.7; length of nasals, 5.4; palatal length, 7.5;
length of upper molar series, 7.8; length of mandible, 24.5; length of
lower molar series, 8.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Thomomys talpoides bullatus Bailey.
Thomomys talpoides bullatus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 115.
Type locality. Powderville, Montana.
Genl. Char. Equal in size to T. talpoides, but the audital bullae
larger; teeth lighter and color paler.
Color. Crown bright buffy hazel, Upperparts lighter; underparts
buffy; ear-patch blackish; chin, hands, feet and tail white. In
some examples the white on chin is absent. Type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail, 72; foot, 30.
Thomomys talpoides caryi Bailey.
Thomomys talpoides caryi Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 115.
Type locality. Head of Trapper Creek, Bighorn Mountains,
Wyoming. Altitude 9500 feet.
THOMOMYS. 85
Genl. Char. About equal to T. clusius. Skull with wider inter-
parietal, and smaller bullse; color darker.
Color. Ear-patch blackish; nose plumbeous; upperparts dull
grayish brown; chin white; underparts buffy; tail gray, tip whitish;
hands and feet white. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 196; tail, 54; foot, 26.
Thomomys talpoides nebulosus Bailey.
Thomomys talpoides nebulosus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 116.
Type locality. Sand Creek Canon, Black Hills, Wyoming. Alti-
tude, 3750 feet.
Genl. Char. Size equal to T. talpoides. Skull slender, dentition
lighter.
Color. Blackish ear-patch; nose dusky; upperparts dull walnut-
brown; underparts buffy; chin white; tail, hands and feet whitish
gray. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 230; tail, 66; foot, 32.
Thomomys pryori Bailey.
Thomomys pryori Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
p. 116.
Type locality. Head of Sage Creek, Pryor Mountains, Montana.
Altitude 6000 feet.
Genl. Char. Equal to T. clusius. Skull wide, nasals short, incisors
projecting.
Color. Upperparts dull walnut-brown; nose plumbeous; cheeks
dark gray; ear-patch black; underparts dark buff; tail, hands and
feet buffy. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 210; tail, 60; foot, 29.
Thomomys bottae russeolus Nelson and Goldman.
Thomomys botta russeolus Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 25.
Type locality. San Angel, 30 miles west of San Ignacio, Lower
California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Color pale. Skull small, light; bullae rounded.
Color. Upperparts ochraceous buffy; underparts creamy white;
belly sometimes pale buff; hands, feet and tail covered sparsely with
white hairs. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 208; tail, 73; foot, 29.5, Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 36.6; Hensel, 33.3; zygomatic width broken;
intertemporal width, 6.2; length of nasals, 13; palatal length, 6.3;
86 THOMOMYS.
length of upper molar series, 7.5; length of mandible, 22.2; length of
lower molar series, 7.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Thomomys bottae minor Bailey.
Thomomys botta minor Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 116.
Type locality. Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, California.
Genl. Char. Smaller than T. botta with narrower skull, slender
rostrum, and posterior end of nasals emarginate. Color darker.
Color. Nose, face and around ears blackish; upperparts dark
cinnamon-brown and black; underparts ochraceous-buff; lips white;
tail grayish; hands and feet white. Type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 226; tail, 73; foot, 29.
Thomomys alpinus awahnee Merriam.
Thomomys alpinus awahnee Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI,
1908, p. 146.
Type locality. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County, California.
Genl. Char. Size small; similar in color to M. alpinus. Skull
small, nasals narrow anteriorly; bullas small.
Color. Summer. Entire pelage varying from russet-brown to near
ochraceous, brightest on sides of neck and flanks. Winter. Entire
pelage dusky tinged with sepia-brown, sometimes ochraceous brightest
on sides of neck and flanks; underparts mixed black and buff; tail
above dark gray on basal half, whitish beneath, blackish at tip;
hands and feet whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 194; tail, 54; hind foot, 28. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 34.8; Hensel, 3.5; zygomatic width, 21.4;
intertemporal width, 6.5; length of nasals, 11.9; length of palate, 6.5;
length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 21.4; length of
lower molar series, 6.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Thomomys apache Bailey.
Thomomys apache Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII, 1910,
p. 79.
Type locality. Lake La Jara, on the Jicarilla Apache Indian
Reservation, New Mexico. Altitude, 7500 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large; hind feet and tip of tail white.
Color. Upperparts sooty gray washed with buffy ochraceous,
blackish dorsal stripe; tail blackish for three-fourths its length, re-
mainder white; lips, hands and feet white, chin sometimes white;
THOMOMYS. 87
underparts mixed black and buff. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail, 85; hind foot, 34. Skull:
Total length, 42.7; zygomatic width, 28; intertemporal width, 7.1;
length of nasals, 14; mastoid breadth, 23; palatal length, 7; length of
upper molar series, 8.5; length of mandible, 28.8; length of lower
molar series, 7.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Thomomys canus Bailey.
Thomomys canus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII, 1910,
p. 79.
Type locality. Deep Hole at north end of Smoke Creek Desert,
Washoe County, Nevada.
GenL Char. Larger than T. aureus; colors pale,
Color. Ear-patch dusky; nose brownish, upperparts pale buff-
gray; underparts, tail, hands and feet whitish. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 242; tail, 64; hind foot, 33. Skull:
Occipito -nasal length, 37.8; Hensel, 35.2; intertemporal width, 6.1;
zygomatic width, 28; length of nasals, 15; mastoid breadth, 23;
palatal length, 6.3; length of upper molar series, 9; length of mandible,
24.9; length of lower molar series, 7.1. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Thomomys chrysonotus Grinnell.
Thomomys chrysonotus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., X, 1912,
p. 174.
Type locality. Ehrenberg, Yuma County, Arizona.
Thomomys magdalenae Nelson and Goldman.
Thomomys magdalena Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 24.
Type locality. Magdalena' Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Nearest to T. b. anitce but paler; skull larger.
Color. Upperparts pale buffy, tinged with ochraceous; lips and
underparts creamy white; hands, feet and tail sparsely covered with
white hairs. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 255; tail, 87; hind foot, 36. Skull:
Total length, 43.2; Hensel, 38; zygomatic width, 29.1; intertemporal
width, 6 4; length of nasals, 15.2; palatal length, 7.9; length .of upper
molar series, 8.9; length of mandible, 26.1; length of lower molar
series, 9.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
88 THOMOMYS.
Thomomys mewa Merriam.
Thomomys mewa Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908, p. 146.
Type locality. Raymond, Madera County, California.
Genl. Char. Two phases of pelage, — summer varying from ful-
vous to ferruginous; winter dusky tinged with russet-brown. Skull
small; nasals straight not narrowing posteriorly; anterior angle of
zygomata thickened.
Color. Summer. Upper and under parts fulvous to ferruginous.
Winter. Upperparts dusky, tinged with russet-brown; underparts
plumbeous washed with buffy ochraceous; tail pale fulvous; hands
and feet whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 225; tail, 60; hind foot, 27. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 37.5; Hensel, 35.5; zygomatic width, 2.5;
intertemporal width, 6.3; length of nasals, 12; palatal length. 6.6;
length of upper molar series, 7.4; length of lower molar series, 23.7.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Thomomys neglectus Bailey.
Thomomys neglectus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
p. 117.
Type locality. Bear Flat Meadow, San Antonio Peak, San Gabriel
Mountains, California. Altitude 6400 feet.
Genl. Char. Size medium; skull long, narrow; color very dark.
Color. Nose, face and ear-patch blackish; upperparts dark gray,
hairs black-tipped; underparts dull buff; tail gray; hands and feet
whitish. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 229; tail, 77; foot, 31.
Thomomys mearnsi Bailey.
Thomomys mearnsi Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
p. 117.
Type locality. Gray's Ranch, in Animas Valley, southwest corner
of New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than T. fulvus; skull short, wide, projecting
incisors very slender.
Color. Nose and ear-patches blackish; upperparts dull cinnamon ;
underparts pale cinnamon; tail buffy gray; hands and feet whitish.
Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail, 69; foot, 31.
Thomomys fuscus columbianus Bailey.
Thomomys fuscus columbianus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 117.
THOMOMYS. 89
Type locality. Touchet, Walla Walla County, Washington.
Genl. Char. Larger than T. fuscus; color paler.
Color. Ear and postauricular patch black; upperparts light
brown; sides and belly pale buffy gray; nose slaty; tail gray, tip
white; hands and feet whitish. Type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 209; tail, 60; foot, 38.
Thomomys fuscus saturatus Bailey.
Thomomys fuscus saturatus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 117.
Type locality. Silver, in western corner of Missoula County,
Montana. Altitude, 4300 feet.
Genl. Char. Larger than T. fuscus; skull long, high, braincase
narrow, nasals wide; color darker.
Color. Nose plumbeous; ear-patch black; upperparts dark hazel ;
sides yellowish; underparts buffy; tail, hands and feet buffy gray.
Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 225; tail, 77; foot, 30.
Thomomys fuscus loringi Bailey.
Thomomys fuscus loringi Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 118.
Type locality. South Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Genl. Char. Larger than T. fuscus; color duller; dentition heavier.
Color. Black ear-patch; nose slaty gray; upperparts dull russet-
brown; sides buff; underparts buff, base of fur plumbeous; tail pale
buff; hands and feet soiled whitish. Type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 199; tail, 47; foot, 25.
Thomomys nevadensis atrogriseus Bailey.
Thomomys nevadensis atrogriseus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 118
Type locality. Nampa, Idaho.
Genl. Char. Two phases, gray and black. Equal in size to T.
nevadensis; skull wider at base; pterygoids thicker.
Color. Gray Phase. Nose and face blackish; ear-patch black;
upperparts dark buffy gray; underparts rich buff; lining of cheek
pouches black and white; chin white; tail, hands and feet white. Type
in United States National Museum. Black Phase. Dull slaty black
above and below; chin, toes and lower part of hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 315; tail, 100; foot, 38.
90 DTPODOMYS.
i
Family Heteromyidae.
Subfamily Dipodomyinae.
Genus Dipodomys (95).
Dipodomys insularis Merriam.
Dipodomys insularis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
P- 77-
Type locality. San Jose Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Gent. Char. Size small, color pale; skull with maxillary arches
broad.
Color. Upperparts pinkish buff, tinged with vinaceous on rump;
lips, cheeks, underparts, limbs, hands and feet white; tail above and
beneath with end-tuft purplish brown; sides white. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 243 ; tail, 143; hind foot, 39. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length , 3 5 ; Hensel, 22.4; zygomatic width, 17.1; inter-
temporal width, 13.4; length of nasals, 12.8; length of upper molar
series, 4.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Dipodomys margaritae Merriam.
Dipodomys margarita Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 76.
Type locality. Margarita Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small, color pale. Skull with slender rostrum,,
small. bullae; zygomata squarely spreading.
Color. Like D. arenivagus but dark hairs intermixed with ground-
color, pale pinkish buff lined with dark hairs; rest of pelage, with legs,,
hands and feet white; tail short, pale brown above and beneath, sides
white, tuft purplish brown. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 234; tail, 144; hind foot, 38,
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 33.6; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 17.1;
intertemporal width, 12.9; length of nasals, 12.5; palatal length, — ;
length of upper molar series, 4.3; length of mandible, 12.8; length of
lower molar series, 4.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Dipodomys merriami kernensis Merriam.
Dipodomys merriami kernensis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXr
1907, p. 77.
DIPODOMYS. 91
Type locality. Onyx, west end of Walker Pass, Kern County,
California.
Genl. Char. Size small, color pale, similar to D. nevadensis.
Skull- square, zygomata widely spreading; nasals long and mastoids
small.
Color. Head and upperparts pinkish buff; rest of pelage, limbs,
hands and feet pure white; tail Prout's brown, sides white and tuft
purplish brown! Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 240; tail, 140; hind foot, 37.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 32.5; Hensel, 21.5; zygomatic width.
16; in tertemporal width, 13.1; length of nasals, 12.6; palatal length,
7.1; length of upper molar series, 4.5; length of mandible, 3.2; length
of lower molar series, 3.6. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Dipodomys platycephalus Merriam.
Dipodomys platycephalus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 76.
Type locality. Calmalli, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. insularis but darker; tail sooty. Skull
larger, with larger mastoids.
Color. General color ochraceous-buff lined with dark hairs, ankles
same hue; underparts white; limbs, hands and feet white; tail above
and beneath mixed buff and brown; sides white, long tuft at top
purplish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 238; tail, 145; hind foot, 38. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 34; Hensel, 21.2; zygomatic width, 37.8;
intertemporal width, 14.1; length of nasals, 13.8; palatal length, 7.3;
length of upper molar series, 4.2; length of mandible, 10.5; length of
lower molar series, 4.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Dipodomys nelsoni Merriam.
Dipodomys nelsoni Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 75.
Type locality. La Ventura, Coahuila, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than D. spectabilis; zygomatic arch not so
wide; mastoids of nearly equal size.
Color. Upperparts grizzled buff, tinged on rump and flanks with
vinaceous; underparts white, outer side of limbs white, inner side
blackish brown; tail above black; lateral white stripe for about two-
thirds the length beneath dusky brown, end not tufted, white. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 330; tail, 204; hind foot, 50. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 41.3; Hensel, 29.1; zygomatic width, 21.1;
92 PERODIPUS.
intertemporal width, 14.2; length of nasals, 13.4; palatal length, 9.2;
length of upper molar series, 6; length of mandible, 13.8; length of
lower molar series, 5.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Dipodomys spectabilis cratodon Merriam.
Dipodomys spectabilis cratodon Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, P- 75-
Type locality. Chicalote, Aguas Calientes, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar in appearance to D. spectabilis, but having a
larger skull, and heavier and broader incisors.
Color. Top of head pale ochraceous-buff; upperparts ochra-
ceous-buff, the black bases of hairs showing; flanks clear buff; spot
behind ears, lips, root of tail and entire rest of pelage including limbs,
hands and feet, pure white; tail above on basal half dark brown,
remainder black, tip white; beneath dark brown. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 324; tail, 217; hind foot, 52.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 45.2; Hensel, 32.7; zygomatic width,
24.1; intertemporal width, 17.5; length of nasals, 16.5; palatal length,
1 1. 8; length of upper molar series, 6.2; length of mandible, 16.8;
length of lower molar series, 6.1. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Perodipus (96).
Perodipus perplexus Merriam.
Perodipus perplexus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 79.
Type locality. Walker Basin, Kern County, California.
Genl. Char. Skull resembles that of P. panamintinus, and is
squarish in shape, and smaller, with interparietal and basi-occipital
narrower.
Color. Nose and space before eyes pale ochraceous-buff; top of
head and upperparts ochraceous-buff, mixed with black; flanks clear
ochraceous-buff; cheeks, usual streak across thighs, entire underparts,
limbs, hands and feet pure white; thighs like upperparts; tail dark
brown for half the length from base, remainder white. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 213; tail, 186; hind foot, 41.9.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 40; Hensel, 27; zygomatic width, 19.8;
intertemporal width, 12.3; length of nasals, 13.9; length of upper
molar series, 4.8; length of mandible, 12.5; length of lower molar
series, 4.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
PERODIPUS. 93
Perodipus morroensis Merriam.
Perodipus morroensis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 78.
Type locality. Morro, San Luis Obispo County, California.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. simulans but with smaller ears and
blacker nose-bar. Skull has a broad zygomatic arch, small mastoids
and slender incisors.
Color. Spot on nose and whisker-patches jet black, forming a
bar across face; upperparts ochraceous-buff; tinged with olivaceous;
front of face grizzled buffy; top of head, like back; flanks clear ochra-
ceous-buff, rest of pelage white; thighs like back; limbs, hands and
feet white; tail above blackish brown on basal half, purplish brown
on remainder; sides white, beneath dark brown. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 300; tail, 182; hind foot, 45. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 38.8; Hensel, 26.7; zygomatic width, 20; inter-
temporal width, 13.2; length of nasals, 13.8; palatal length, 9.6;
length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandible, 13; length of
lower molar series, 4.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Perodipus Stephens! Merriam.
Perodipus stephensi Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 78.
Type locality. San Jacinto Valley, Riverside County, California.
Genl. Char. Like P. streatori, but with slight difference in skull.
Cranial shield broader posteriorly; mastoid bullae fuller, incisors
weaker.
Color. Head and upperparts mixed black and ochraceous-buff,
black predominating; flanks ochraceous-buff, no black; black line
across face, curving down to end of nose; spot behind eyes, one behind
ears, lips, entire underparts, arms on outer and inner sides, inner
side of hind legs, hands and feet pure white; tail above blackish,
including tuft; sides white, beneath dark brown. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 294; tail, 175; hind foot, 39.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 38.6; Hensel, 26.5; zygomatic width,
1 8. 6; intertemporal width, 12.4; length of nasals, 14.1; length of
upper molar series, 4.9 ; length of mandible, 14. 2 ; length of lower molar
series, 4.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Perodipus simulans peninsularis Merriam.
Perodipus simulans peninsularis Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XX, 1907, p. 79.
Type locality. Santo Domingo, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. simulans but larger; general color paler;
94 PEROGNATHUS.
skull like that of D. simulans with slight variations. Nose-patch not
connected with whisker marks.
Color. General hue pale buff slightly lined with dark hairs;
flanks chamois; spot over eye and one behind ears, lips, entire under-
parts, stripe over thigh, hands and feet and root of tail white; face
in front of eyes creamy white ; tail dark brown above and below ; sides
white, tuft dusky. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 312; tail, 203; hind foot, 45.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 38.7; Hensel, 23; zygomatic width, 20.9;
intertemporal width, 11.5; length of nasals, 13; length of palate, 7.5;
length of upper molar series, 5.2; length of mandible, 13.8; length of
lower molar series, 5.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Heteromyinae.
Genus Perognathus (98). Pocket Mice.
Subgenus Perognathus.
Perognathus fasciatus litus Gary.
Perognathus fasciatus litus Gary, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV,
1911, p. 61.
Type locality. Sun, Sweetwater Valley, Wyoming.
Genl. Char. Smaller than T. fasciatus; hind foot slightly larger;
color pale.
Color. Upperparts and flanks cream-buff, slightly lined with black ;
underparts pure white; orbital ring and lateral line pale cream-buff;
tail above dusky, beneath white; hands and feet white. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 128; tail, 59; hind foot, 18. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 22.2; Hensel, 15.6; zygomatic width, 10.2;
intertemporal width, 4.7; length of nasals, 7; length of upper molar
series, 3.3; length of mandible, 8.6; length of lower molar series, 2.8.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Perognathus flavescens perniger Osgood.
Perognathus flavescens perniger Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XVII, 1904, p. 127.
Type locality. Vermillion, Clay County, South Dakota.
Genl. Char. Like P. flavescens in size, and skull, but back black.
Color. Head, top and sides mixed black and ochraceous-buff ;
PEROGNATHUS. 95
subauricular spot bright buff; upperparts black; lateral line ochra-
ceous-buff; underparts ochraceous-buff; chin and narrow line on
throat and breast white; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, sides
buffy; hands and feet buffy; ears brownish black edged with buff.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 140; tail, 68; hind foot, 17. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 20.6; Hensel, 13.9; zygomatic width, 10.6;
intertemporal width, 4.8; length of nasals, 8.3; length of upper molar
series, 2.8; length of mandible, 8.2; length of lower molar series, 2.9.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
1 Perognathus flavescens copei Rhoads.
Perognathus flavescens copei Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1893, p. 404.
COPE'S POCKET MOUSE.
Type locality. Mobeetie, Wheeler County, Texas.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail hairy, penicillate.
Color. Head and upper back grizzled blackish fawn; rump, thighs,
and lateral line cinnamon; underparts, hands and feet white.
Measurements. Total length, 114; tail, 49; hind foot, 15. Skull:
Total length, 19.5; Hensel, 14.5; mastoid breadth, 10; .nasals, 7;
interorbital constriction, 4.5; mandible, 9.7; height of coronoid pro-
cess from angle, 4.2.
This is considered by Bailey (N. Am. Fauna, 1905, No. 25, p. 143)
to possess sufficient characters to be recognized as a bright-colored race
of P. flavescens.
Perognathus bombycinus Osgood.
Perognathus bombycinus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 19.
Type locality. Yuma, Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. panamintinus bangsi. Skull with large
mastoids and nearly square interparietal.
Color. Upperparts pale vinaceous-buff, slightly lined with dusky,
white spots at base of ear; underparts white. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 131-140; tail vertebrae, 77-82; hind
foot, 18.5. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 20.4; interorbital constric-
tion, 4.4; nasals, 7; interparietal, 2.5 X 2.7; maxillary toothrow, 3.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
1 This in the Check- List is given as a synonym of P. flavescens, p. 301.
96 PEROGNATHUS.
Perognathus longimembris neglectus Taylor.
Perognathus longimembris neglectus Taylor, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.,
X, 1912, p. 155.
Type locality. McKittrick, Kern County, California.
Perognathus xanthonotus Grinnell.
Perognathus xanthonotus Grinnell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV,
1912, p. 128.
Type locality. Freeman Canon, east slope of Walker Pass, Kern
County, California. Altitude 4000 feet.
Subgenus Choetodipus.
Perognathus baileyi insularis Townsend.
Perognathus baileyi insularis Towns., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXXI, 1912, p. 122.
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. penicillatus pricei but not so red, and the
tail much longer. Skull larger, broader and longer.
Color. Entire upperparts vinaceous-buff lined with black; no
lateral stripe; underparts and inner side of limbs white; outerside
like upperparts; hands and feet white; tail above, basal half grayish
brown, remainder with tuft darker brown, beneath white. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 212; tail, 118; hind foot, 27.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 28.1; Hensel, 19.3; zygomatic width,
1 2.1; intertemporal length, 6.4; length of nasals, 12.2; length of
upper molar series, 3.9; length of mandible, 14.4; length of lower
molar series, 3.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Perognathus penicillatus ammophilus Osgood.
Perognathus penicillatus ammophilus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XX, 1907, p. 20.
Type locality. Margarita Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size about as that of P. p. siccus; color paler; mas-
toids smaller.
Color. Like P. p. arenarius; upperparts ecru-drab; no lateral
line; underparts creamy. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 171-188; tail vertebrae, 100-113;
hind foot, 23.5-25.5. Skull: Greatest length, 26.1; basilar length, 1 8;
mastoid width, 13.2; zygomatic width, 13.1; interorbital constric-
tion, 6.6; nasals, 9.4; interparietal, 7.3 X 3.8; maxillary toothrow,
3.8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
PEROGNATHUS. 97
Perognathus penicillatus seri Nelson.
Perognathus penicillatus seri Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV,
1912, p. 116.
Perognathus penicillatus goldmani Towns., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., XXXI, 1912, p. 122 (nee Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, 1900,
No. 18, p. 54).
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Much smaller than P. penicillatus, and without gray
tints in the coloring.
Color. Head and upperparts pale ochraceous-buff lined with black;
darkest on lower back and rump; entire underparts and inner side
of limbs white; outer side of limbs like upperparts; indistinct deep
buff line along flanks; hands and feet white; tail dusky, including
pencil, beneath white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 171; tail, 90; hind foot, 23. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 28.4; Hensel, 20; zygoma tic width, 15.3; inter-
temporal width, 7 ; length of nasals, 11.9; length of upper molar series,
4.1; length of mandible, 12.8; length of lower molar series, 3.8.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Perognathus penicillatus siccus Osgood.
Perognathus penicillatus siccus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XX, 1907, p. 20.
Type locality. Ceralbo Island, Lower California.
Genl. Char. Larger than P. 'p. arenarius, rump bristles rarely
present; color dimorphic. Skull large, heavy; mastoids large.
Color. Upperparts buffy fawn; narrow lateral line pinkish buff;
underparts creamy — gray phase has upperparts ranging from drab-gray
to broccoli-brown. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 165-187; tail vertebrae, 92-102;
hind foot, 23.5-26. Skull: Greatest length, 25.9; basilar length,
17.7; mastoid width, 13.8; zygomatic width, 12.6; interorbital con-
striction, 6.6; nasals, 8.9; interparietal, 7.2 X 3.6; maxillary tooth-
row, 4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Perognathus spinatus occultus Nelson.
Perognathus spinatus occultus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV,
1912, p. 116.
Perognathus spinatus nelsoni Towns., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXXI, 1912, p. 122 (nee Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1894, p. 266).
Type locality. Carmen Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Darker than P. spinatus; tail shorter.
98 PEROGNATHUS. HETEROMYS.
Color. Head and upperparts buff, heavily lined with black, dark-
est on lower back; entire underparts and inner side of limbs white;
outer side of limbs like upperparts; hands and feet white; tail above
dusky including the pencil; beneath white. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 172; tail, 93; hind foot, 24. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 17.5; zygomatic width, 13; inter-
temporal width, 6.5; length of nasals, 9.6; length of upper molar
series, 3.9; length of mandible, 11.4; length of lower molar series,
3.7. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Perognathus spinatus magdalense Osgood.
Perognathus spinatus magdalence Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XX, 1907, p. 21.
Type locality. Magdalena Island, Lower California,- Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. s. peninsula; mastoids smaller; ros-
trum longer.
Color. Like P. s. peninsula but more vinaceous; upperparts fawn
color lined with dusky; narrow lateral line fawn color; underparts
creamy white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 188-200; tail vertebrse, 110-122;
hind foot, 23.5-25. Skull: Greatest length, 26.4; basilar length,
17.9; mastoid width, 12.6; zygomatic width, 12.8; interorbital con-
striction, 6.9; nasals, 10.5; interparietal, 8.1 X 3.6; maxillary tooth-
row, 4.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Heteromys (99). Spiny Pouched Rats.
Subgenus Heteromys.
Heteromys zonalis Goldman.
Heteromys zonalis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, 1912, No. 36,
p. 9.
Type locality. Rio Indio, near Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. desmarestianus but darker, with the
slender hairs on back paler; no lateral line ; skull heavy.
Color. Upperparts blackish; flanks and outer side of limbs
mouse-gray; underparts, inner side of limbs, the line on hind legs
going to the metatarsus, cream-buff; hands and feet buff; tail above
blackish, below whitish at base, brownish all around. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 263; tail, 134; hind foot, 35. Skull:
HETEROMYS. 99
Occipito-nasal length, 36.5; Hensel, 25.5; zygomatic width, 1 7 ; inter-
temporal width, 10 ; length of nasals, 15.2; width of braincase, 15.2;
length of upper molar series, 5.3; length of mandible, 5.3; length of
lower molar series, 4.8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Mr. Goldman states that the underparts and line along the flanks
and inner side of limbs and feet are white, but. I find these parts in the
type a cream-buff, the feet being a little darker.
Heteromys temporalis Goldman.
Heteromys temporalis Goldm., N. Amer. Fauna, No. 34, 1911, p. 26.
Type locality. Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Heavily forested eastern basal slopes of 'mountains in
central part of the state of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Humid Tropical Zone.
GenL Char. Size large; no lateral line; skull with slender rostrum ;
braincase broad and flat.
Color. Head and upperparts mixed black and ochraceous, dark-
est on lower back, and outer side of arms brown with buff hairs inter-
mingled; dorsal line darker, underparts, hands and feet yellowish
white; ankles dusky; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail, 180; hind foot, 37.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 38.9; Hensel, 27.5; zygomatic width,
17.8; inter temp oral width, 10.2; length of nasals, 16.2; length of
upper molar series, 5.3 ; length of mandible, 17.5; length of lower molar
series, 5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
In the original description of this species, the head and upperparts
and outer side of fore legs are said to be mouse-gray. I found nothing
whatever of this color in the type, the parts being as described above;
also the feet and hands were not white but showed a strong yellowish
tint.
Heteromys fuscatus Allen.
Heteromys fuscatus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 652.
Type locality. Tuma, Nicaragua.
Heteromys panamensis Goldman.
Heteromys panamensis Goldm., Smith Misc. Coll., LVI, 1912, No.
36, p. 9.
Type locality. Cerro Azul, near headwaters of the Chagres River,
Panama. Altitude, 2800 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. repens, but darker; rostrum broader
posteriorly; interparietal broader.
100 HETEROMYS.
Color. Entire upperparts blackish, nearly pure black on rump,
with ochraceous buffy hairs scattered throughout the dark ones;
outer side of hind legs black; outer side of arms and flanks slaty gray,
the ochraceous-buff hairs interspersed; lateral line ochraceous-buff ;
underparts white; hands slaty gray; fingers and feet whitish; ankles
and third of tarsus dusky; tail above blackish, beneath whitish. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 283; tail, 148; hind foot, 35.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 34.1; Hensel, 24.2; zygomatic width,
17.1; intertemporal width, 9.4; length of nasals, 14.4; width of brain-
case, 15.2; length of upper molar series, 5.3; length of mandible,
15.4; length of lower molar series, 4.6. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Heteromys australis conscius Goldman.
Heteromys australis conscius Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913,
p. 8.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 2000 feet.
GenL Char. Similar to H. australis but darker.
Color. Entire upperparts slaty black lined with gray; lips, inner
side of limbs, and underparts of body whitish; forearms white and
gray mixed; tail above brownish, beneath lighter; ankles dusky;
hands and feet grayish; fingers and toes whitish. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 133; hind foot, 32.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 34.7; Hensel, 23.9; zygomatic width,
16.5; intertemporal width, 8.3; length of nasals, 14.4; length of upper
molar series, 5.4; length of mandible, 15.9; length of lower molar
series, 5.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Heteromys crassirostris Goldman.
Heteromys crassirostris Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll.,LX, No. 2, 1912,
p. 10.
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama. Altitude 5000 feet.
Color. Head and upperparts mixed black and ochraceous; outer
side of limbs dark, with a gray shade; lips, throat, and under side of
arms white; rest of underparts and under side of thighs yellowish;
hands dusky to near fingers which are white ; feet whitish ; tail brown
above, whitish beneath. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 267; tail, 132; feet, 32.5. Skull:
Greatest length, 34.5; Hensel, 23.4; zygomatic width, 16.3; inter-
temporal width, 9.3; length of nasals, 14; width of braincase in front
LIOMYS. 101
of auditory meatus, 14.6; length of upper molar series, 5.3; length of
mandible, 15.2; length of lower molar series, 5.2. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
1 Genus Liomys.
•
Liomys pictus escuinapae (Allen).
Heteromys pictus escuinapce Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXII, 1906, p. 211.
Type locality. Escuinapa, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Coastal Plains and Pacific slope of Sierra Madre
from southern part of the state of Sinaloa, southward into typical
L. pictus in southern portion of the Province of Tepic and northwest-
ern part of the State of Jalisco, arid tropical and lower Sonoran Zone.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. pictus but paler; posterior border of
nasals emarginate.
Color. Top of head buff and black, the latter being the tips of the
hairs; upperparts from head to rump orange-buff and black, grading
into brownish gray on rump and outer side of limbs; flanks orange-
buff tempered by the gray bases of the hairs showing; orange-buff
lateral line, lips, inner side of limbs white; hands and feet pale brown;
tail blackish above, brownish beneath. Ex type in American Museum
of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 216; tail, 1 08, hind foot, 24. Skull:
Total length, 30; Hensel, 21; zygomatic width, 14.1; intertemporal
width, 7.2; length of nasals, 10.9; length of upper molar series, 5;
length of mandible, 12.5; length of lower molar series, 4.5. Ex type
in American Museum of Natural History.
Liomys vulcani (Allen).
Heteromys vulcani Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 652.
Type locality. Volcan de Chinandega, Nicaragua. Altitude
about 4000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Vicinity of the Volcan de Chinandega in the moun-
tains of extreme western Nicaragua.
Color. The hairs on top of head and back are gray at base with black
tips ; flanks grayish brown, as is also the outer side of limbs ; lips, throat,
inner side of limbs, hands and feet pure white; tail above blackish,
beneath white. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Employed as a subgenus in the Check-List.
102 LIOMYS.
Measurements. Total length, 220; tail, 113; hind foot, 25.
Skull: Total length, 30.9; Hensel, 22.3; zygomatic width, 14.1; inter-
temporal width, 6.8; length of nasals, 10.9; length of upper molar
series, 4.2; length of mandible, 12.9; length of lower molar series, 4.9.
Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Liomys irroratus pretiosus Goldman.
Liomys irroratus pretiosus Goldm., N. Am. Fauna, No. 34, 1911,
p. 58.
Type locality. Metlaltoyuca, Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Humid basal mountain slopes in extreme eastern
part of the State of San Luis Potosi, northern portion of the states
of Queretaro, eastern Puebla, and northern part of the State of Vera
Cruz, Mexico. Humid Tropical Zone.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. alleni but darker; lateral line distinct;
hind foot five-tuberculate ; skull small, rostrum expanded anteriorly;
f rentals narrow.
Color. Head and upperparts to hips narrowing to root of tail
mixed black and ochraceous-buff; flanks, hips, and outer side of legs
pale mouse-gray; lateral line pale ochraceous-buff; hinderparts,
hands and feet whitish buff; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, tip
all dark. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 263; tail, 145; hind foot, 34. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 32; Hensel, 23.6; zygomatic width, 15.2;
intertemporal width, 7.5; length of nasals, 13.2; length of upper molar
series, 4.8; length of mandible, 14.5; length of lower molar series, 4.4.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
The above description varies considerably from that given by Mr.
Goldman, but I failed to discern any mouse-gray on the top of head
and back to the hips.
Liomys irroratus jaliscensis (Allen).
Heteromys jaliscensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII,
1906, p. 251.
Type locality. Las Canoas, about 20 miles west of Zapotlan, Jalisco,
Mexico. Altitude 7000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Tableland* region of the State of Jalisco, and north-
western part of the State of Michoacan. Mainly lower Sonoran Zone.
Color. Entire upperparts orange-buff lined with black; flanks
paler; outer side of limbs pale grayish brown; a buff lateral line from
shoulder to thigh; entire underparts, hands and feet pure white; tail
above blackish brown, beneath white. Ex type in American Museum
of Natural History.
ZAPUS. 103
Measurements. Total length, 232; tail, 112; hind foot, 27.5.
Skull: Total length, 31.8; Hensel, 22.7; zygomatic width, 14.9;
intertemporal width, 8; length of nasals, 13.5; length of upper molar
series,. 4.8; length of mandible, — ; length of lower molar series,
13.2. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Dr. Allen has described this species (I. c.) as " dusky gray" but
there is not a vestige of that hue anywhere visible, except upon the
outer side of the limbs, which have a grayish tint.
Liomys guerrerensis Goldman.
Liomys guerrerensis Goldm., N. Am. Fauna, No. 34, 1911, p. 62.
Type locality. Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Humid forested Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre
in the vicinity of the type-locality. Humid Tropical Zone.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. irroratus, but darker skull with heavy
rostrum; narrow palate; frontals broad.
Color. Top of head and upperparts glossy black grizzled with
buff; sides of body and outer side of hind legs mouse-gray; lateral
line faint buff; outer side of arms grayish; underparts, hands and
feet white; heels and inner side of ankles brownish black; tail above
black, beneath white; ears black, edge white. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 255; tail, 127; hind foot, 34.
Skull: Occipi to-nasal length, 32.9; Hensel, 24; zygomatic width, 16;
intertemporal width, 8.6; length of nasals, 13.2 ; length of upper molar
series, 5.5; length of mandible, 15.4; length of lower molar series, 5.1.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Family Zapodidae. Jumping Mice.
Subfamily Zapodinae.
Genus Zapus (100).
Zapus luteus Miller.
Zapus luteus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p. 253.
Type locality. Espagnola, New Mexico. Type in United States
National Museum.
Genl. Char. Resembling Z. I. alleni Elliot, but upperparts brighter,
back less dark. Skull smaller and more slender.
Color. Upperparts ochraceous; dorsal area very little of this
color evident, but grading into sides without line of demarcation;
104 LONCHERES. PROECHIMYS.
underparts white; tail brown above, whitish beneath; hands and feet
whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 224; tail, 138; hind foot, 31.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 23.8; Hensel, 17.9; zygomatic width,
11.2; intertemporal width, 4.5; width of braincase, 10; length of
nasals, 9.6; length of upper molar series, 3.4; length of mandible, 12.2;
length of lower molar series, 3.4.
Zapus luteus australis Bailey.
Zapus luteus australis Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI r
1913, p. 132.
Type locality. Socorro, New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller and darker than Z. luteus; skull narrower.
Color. Upperparts pale buffy yellow, lined with black hairs,
black somewhat darker; dorsal area indistinctly marked; underparts
pure white; hands and feet white; heels dusky; tail brown above r
white beneath. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 205; tail, 124; hind foot, 29.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 21.8; Hensel, 16.5; zygomatic width,
10.7; intertemporal width, 4.2; length of nasals, 8 ; palatal length, 3.3;
length of upper molar series, 3.2; length of mandible, 10.8; length of
lower molar series, 3.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Family Octodontidae.
Subfamily Loncherinae.
Genus Loncheres (101).
Loncheres armatus (I. Geoffrey) .
Nelomys armatus I. Geoffroy, Ann. Sci. Nat., X, Ser. 2, 1838, p. 125.
Type locality. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Geogr. Distr. French Guiana; Island of Martinique, Lesser
Antilles. Type in Paris Museum.
Genus Proechimys (102).
Proechimys rubellus Hollister.
Proechimys rubellus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
iQM, p. 57-
Type locality. Angostura Valley, Costa Rica.
HOPLOMYS. 105
Genl. Char. Similar to P. centralis but more red, and less grayish
and yellowish buff. Tail shorter.
Color. Head and upperparts mixed black and orange (black most
prominent at back of head), giving all these parts a reddish appearance;
outer side of fore legs, and from knee to foot on hind legs creamy white;
flanks like upperparts ; entire underparts and inner side of legs creamy
white; hands and feet whitish; tail at base hairy, colored like back,
remainder bare, black above, paler below. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail, 130; hind foot, 55 (skin).
Skull: Total length, 647; Hensel, 43.9; zygomatic width (broken);
intertemporal width, (broken); length of nasals, 23.9; length of upper
molar series, 9.3; length of mandible, 26; length of lower molar series,
9.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Hoplomys.
Hoplomys Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908, p. 649.
Type Hoplomys truei Allen.
Hoplomys truei Allen.
Hoplomys truei Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 650.
Type locality. Lavala, Matagalpa, Mexico.
Color. Upperparts and head pale rusty brown, the spines black;
flanks grayish brown; outer side of limbs dusky grayish brown;
hands and feet whitish; entire underparts and inner side of limbs pure
white; tail naked, dark grayish brown above, whitish beneath; ears
black. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 550; tail, 170; hind foot, 53. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 55; zygomatic width, 27; length of nasals, 20;
length of upper molar series, 9.4; length of mandible, 25.8. Ex type
in American Museum of Natural History.
Hoplomys goethalsi Goldman.
Hoplomys goethalsi Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, No. 36, 1912,
p. 10.
Type locality. Rio Indio, near Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to H. truei, but cranial characters different;
zygomata heavier, jugal broader, the inferior border produced ante-
riorly, nearly to antorbital foramen, and prolonged posteriorly into a
hook.
106 ISOTHRIX. CAPROMYS.
Color. Top of head and median line of neck covered with dark
colored bristles, and from shoulders to rump by black-tipped spines
overlaying the general cinnamon-rufous color of the upperparts;
cheeks suffused with cinnamon-rufous; outer side of arms grayish
brown; outer side of legs blackish; underparts white; pectoral band
sometimes present ; inner side of metatarsus and three inner toes whit-
ish; outer side and two outer toes brownish; tail above blackish,
beneath whitish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 391; tail, 153; hind foot, 54.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 55; Hensel, 40.4; zygomatic width,
29.2; intertemporal width, 13; length of nasals, 16.4; palatal length,
1 1. 8; length of upper molar series, 9.3; length of mandible, 29.1;
lower molar series, 10.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Isothrix.
Isothrix Wagner, Arch, fur Naturgesc., 1845, Bd. I, p. 145. Type
Isothrix bistriata Wagner.
Isothrix darlingi Goldman.
Isothrix darlingi Goldm., Smith Misc. Coll., LX, 1912, No. 2, p. 12.
Type locality. Marraganti (near Real de Santa Maria), Rio Tuyra,
eastern Panama.
Color . Lips and muzzle mouse-gray ; white line at base of whiskers ;
nose and head on top to ears blackish; cheeks grayish brown, white
spot below eye; rest of upperparts ochraceous-buff and black under-
parts pale ochraceous-buff; limbs like upperparts; wrists, ankles and
feet grayish; tail blackish brown all around, covered with short,
upright whitish hairs. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 472; tail, 240; hind foot, 44.
Skull: Greatest length, 52.6; Hensel, 40.3; zygomatic width, 24.5;
intertemporal width, 13.4; length of nasals, 13.5; length of upper
molar series, 6.9; length of mandible, 27.6; length of lower molar
series, 11.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Caprornyinse.
Genus Capromys (103).
Capromys pilorides relictus G. M. Allen.
Capromys pilorides relictus G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
LIV, 1911, p. 207.
Type locality. Casas Mountains, Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines,
Cuba.
DASYPROCTA. 107
Family Agoutidse.
Genus Dasyprocta (107).
Dasyprocta punctata dariensis Goldman.
Dasyprocta punctata dariensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX,
1913, No. 22, p. n.
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama. Altitude 5200 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. punctata isthmica, but larger and darker.
Color. Top of head, nape and shoulders mixed black and ochra-
ceous ; hairs of back dusky, broadly tipped with orange-buff, no annu-
lations; hairs of rump dusky, with Naples-yellow tips; lips, chin,
median line of abdomen and inguinal region whitish; rest of under-
parts mixed black and buff; feet black. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 610; tail, 25; hind foot, 133.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 111.5; Hensel, 84.4; zygomatic width,
51.1; intertemporal width, 35.4; length of nasals, 42.3; length of upper
molar series, 20.5; length of mandible, 55.1; length of lower molar
series, 22.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Dasyprocta punctata yucatanica Goldman.
Dasyprocta punctata yucatanica Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX,
1913, No, 22, p. 12.
Type locality. Apazote, Campeche, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. punctata but paler and grayer.
Color. Top of head mixed rufous and black; upperparts mixed
black and pale tawny ochraceous; hairs annulated; chin, lips, inner
side of limbs, median line of abdomen and inguinal region pale buffy
tinged with yellow; sides of neck and abdomen, and chest like back
but paler, more gray; feet blackish with numerous hairs ringed with
buff. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 522; tail, 35; hind foot, 120.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 108; Hensel, 83; zygomatic width,
49.8; intertemporal. width, 30.5; length of nasals, 44.5; length of
upper molar series, 1 9 ; length of mandible, 55.3; length of lower molar
series, 20. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Dasyprocta punctata chiapensis Goldman.
Dasyprocta punctata chiapensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX,
1913, No. 22, p. 13.
108 CUNICULUS.
Type locality. Huehuetan, southern Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern part of the state of Chiapas from sea-level
to 3500 feet altitude, and probably adjacent parts of Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. punctata in size and general appearance,
but cranial characters different. Premaxillae broader posteriorly;
sphenopalatine vacuities larger; audital bullas smaller.
Color. Very similar to D. punctata. Upperparts mixed black and
tawny ochraceous, hairs annulated; underparts similar but paler;
chin, axillae, inner side of hind legs and middle of abdomen pale orange-
buff; feet blackish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 492; tail, 30; hind foot, 120.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 102.8; Hensel, 76; zygomatic width,
48.2; intertemporal width, 28.5; palatal length, 52; length of nasals,
38.5; length of upper molar series, 19.5; length of mandible, 49.6;
length of lower molar series, 20.6. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Cuniculus.
Cuniculus Brisson, Regnum Anim., 1762, p. 98. Type [Cuniculus}
paca Brisson.
Mr. Hollister in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ington, Vol. XXVI, 1913, p. 79, calls attention to this genus and claims
that the type could not be fixed by elimination, as was done by Dr.
C. H. Merriam, who made Cuniculus alactaga (Olivier) 1800, the type,
because Cuniculus cauda longissima Brisson which = C. alactaga
(Olivier) was placed in brackets as doubtfully referred to the genus,
and according to Article 30 of the International Code this makes it
not permissable, and therefore the type must be chosen by selection.
He therefore makes [Cuniculus} paca Brisson the type and accordingly
Cuniculus supercedes Agouti Lacepede, 1799.
Cuniculus paca nelsoni (Goldman).
Agouti paca nelsoni Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No. 22,
p. 9.
Type locality. Catemaco, southern Vera Cruz.
Geogr. Distr. Coastal plains and mountain slopes from the vicinity
of Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, eastward and southward through States
of Tabasco, Chiapas, and the Peninsula of Yucatan to eastern Guate-
mala, and western Honduras.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. p. mrgata but more rusty in color; no
dark stripe on flank below the white one.
Color. Upperparts dark cinnamon-rufous, with narrow white
HYDROCHCERUS. » 109
stripes on flanks ; rows of white spots on sides of neck, becoming stripes
on shoulders extending to hips and breaking again into spots on sides
of rump; on flanks are two stripes, a dark and white one, and above
the former a row of white spots go from neck to rump; a shorter row
of similar spots extends along lower part of back; an indistinct dark
line extends below the lower white lateral line, and an indistinct white
line goes from the thighs to underparts; underparts and inner side
of limbs white; cheeks grayish brown; outer side of fore limbs pale
fawn; outer side of hind limbs dark cinnamon-rufous. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 794; tail, 29; hind foot, 127.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 147.5; Hensel, 127.5; zygomatic width,
111.7; intertemporal width, 43.3; length of nasals, 55.7; palatal
length, 93.7; length of upper molar series, 30; length of mandible,
79.5; length of lower molar series, 29.6. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Genus Hydrochoerus.
Hydrochcerus Brisson, Regnum Anim., 1762, p. 80. Type Sus
hydrochceris Linn.
Hydrochoerus isthmius Goldman.
Hydrochcerus isthmius Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912,
p. ii.
Type locality. Marraganti, near the head of tide-water on the
Rio Tuyra, eastern Panama.
Gent. Char. Similar to H. hydrochceris but smaller; cranial char-
acters different; dentition lighter.
Color. General color on upper and. underparts deep rusty reddish,
the color darker on upperparts, the hairs on underparts being scanty,
not covering all the skin; middle of face, cheeks, lower part of rump
and outer side of hind legs inclining to blackish; orbital rings buffy;
ears and feet brownish black, nearly bare of hairs. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1025; hind foot, 200. Skull:
Greatest length, 200; occipito-nasal length, 174; zygomatic width,
116.5; interorbital width, 52.5; length of nasals, median, 67.6; pala-
tal length, 122; length of tooth row, 64.2; length of mandible,
157; length of lower tooth row, 61 . Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Order ' Lagomorpha.
Family Ochotonidae. Pikas.
Genus Ochotona (109).
Ochotona albatus Grinnell.
Ochotona albatus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., X, 1912, p. 125.
Type locality. Near Cottonwood Lakes, Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains, Inyo County, California. Altitude nooo-feet.
Ochotona fenisex Osgood.
Lagomys minimus Lord, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 98.
Ochotona minimus Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., F. C. M. Pub. II,
1901, p. 269. Zool. Ser.
According to Mr. W. H. Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 80, the term minima, bestowed by Lord (/. c.) on this species
is preoccupied by Lagomys minimus Schinz, Das Thierreich, I, 1821,
p. 320, and he proposes in its place Ochotona fenisex, by which name the
species will be hereafter known.
Ochotona nigrescens Bailey.
Ochotona nigrescens Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
P- 133-
Type locality. Je'mez Mountains, New Mexico. Altitude 10000
feet.
Genl. Char. Colors very dark.
Color. Upperparts cinnamon-brown, the hairs tipped with black;
throat and median part of belly cinnamon-brown; rest of underparts
pale buff; plumbeous under-fur showing; feet above whitish; soles
of hind feet blackish, outer surface of ear black, inner surface dark
gray with black band near tip. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 200; hind foot, 30. Skull, broken:
Zygomatic width, 21; intertemporal width, 5.3; length of nasals, 38;
length of upper molar series, 8; length of mandible, 22 ; length of lower
molar series, 7.8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
1 See Lyon, Smith. Misc. Coll., 1912, p. 321.
110
OCHOTONA. Ill
Ochotona figginsi Allen.
Ochotona figginsi Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI, 1912,
p. 103.
Type locality. Pagoda Peak, Routt County, Colorado.
Color. Head and entire upperparts light buff, hairs tipped with
black; shoulders and flanks warm buff ; underp arts buff y white, except
on chest which is buff; fore feet whitish, hind feet buff. Ex type in
American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 196; hind foot, 26 (skin). Skull:
Occipital region broken away; zygomatic width, 20.8; intertemporal
width, 5; length of nasals, 14.3; length of upper molar series, 8.2;
length of mandible, 28.3; length of lower molar series, 7.9. Ex type
in American Museum of Natural History.
Ochotona cinnamomea Allen.
Ochotona cinnamomea Allen, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci.,
Sci. Bull., I, 1905, p. 121.
Type locality. Briggs Meadows, Beaver Range, Beaver County,
Utah, Altitude, nooo feet. Type in American Museum of Natural
History.
Ochotona levis Hollister.
Ochotona levis Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912, p. 57.
Type locality. Chief Mountain Lake, Montana.
Genl. Char. Size small; skull small; color similar to O. princeps.
Color. Head and upperparts pale buffy brown; nape palest;
cheeks and sides of head rufous; behind ears pale buff; flanks brown-
ish buff; underparts cream-buff, washed on breast with rufous; fore
feet cream-buff; hind feet buff. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 178; tail, 10; hind foot, to end of
claw, 26.4. Skull: Total length, 41.7; Hensel, 31.6; zygomatic
width, 20.5; intertemporal width, 5.5; length of nasals, 13.6; length
of upper molar series, 6.8; length of mandible, 27.2; length of lower
molar series, 6.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Ochotona taylori Grinnell.
Ochotona taylori Grinnell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912,
p. 129.
Type locality. Warren Peak, Warner Mountains, Modoc County,
California. Altitude 9000 feet.
Ochotona uinta Hollister.
Ochotona uinta Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912, p. 58.
112 ROMEROLAGUS. SYLVILAGUS.
Type locality. Uintah Mountains, Utah.
Genl. Char. Upperparts uniformly colored, no gray.
Color. Entire Upperparts clay-color, finely lined with brown;
head darkest, underparts cream-buff; hands and feet yellowish buff;
ears dark brown, edged with buff; buff-colored tuft of hairs inside.
Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 202; hind foot, 26.6 (skin). No
skull.
Family Leporidae. Hares, Rabbits.
Genus Romerolagus (no).
Romerolagus diazi (Ferrari-Perez).
Lepus diazi Ferrari-Perez, Cat. Comis. Geogr. Explor. Repub.
Mexicana, 1893, pi. 42; Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV,
1911, p. 228.
Romerolagus nelsoni Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, 1896, p. 173;
Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and W. Indies, IV, Pt. I, F. C. M.
Pub. 1904, p. 412; Id., Check-List Mamm. N. Amer. Cont.
and West Indies, 1905, p. 339.
Type locality. Puebla, Mt. Iztaccihuatl, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mt. Popocatapetl and Mt. Iztaccihuatl, State of
Mexico.
Measurements. Total length, 311; hind foot, 48.6. Skull:
Greatest length, 60.4; zygomatic breadth, 29; intertemporal width,
9.8; length of nasals, 24.4; palatal length, 7.4; length of upper tooth-
row, n. 6; length of mandible, 38.1; length of lower toothrow, 12.1.
Ex type of R. nelsoni in the United States National Museum.
The name of this rabbit was for a long time a moot question, whether
it should be the one here given or that of nelsoni conferred on it by
Merriam. The difficulty has been solved by Mr. Miller (/. c.).
Genus Sylvilagus.
Subgenus B. Sylvilagus.
Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi Mearns.
Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXXIX, 1911, p. 227.
Type locality. Smith's Island, Northampton County, Virginia.
1 Employed in the Check-List as a subgenus.
SYLVILAGUS. 113
Genl. Char. Similar to L. f. malhurus, but paler; skull larger,
rostrum thicker; bullas larger.
Color. Upperparts pale sandy fulvous; underparts white; back
of hind legs dark chestnut; front white; ears dark brown. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 477; tail, 70; hind foot, 97; ear from
crown, 72. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 76.8; Hensel, 57.2; zygomatic
width, 37.1; intertemporal width, 20.9; median length of nasals, 2.62;
length of upper molar series, 14.4; length of mandible, 53.3; length of
lower molar series, 14.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sylvilagus floridanus similis Nelson.
Sylvilagus floridanus similis Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 82.
Type locality. Valentine, Nebraska.
Geogr. Distr. Dry plains (mainly along wooded streams) of
extreme western Minnesota, eastern North and South Dakota, all of
Nebraska (except possibly the Missouri bottomlands), northern
Kansas, northeastern Colorado, along tributaries of Platte River to
base of mountains near Denver and southeastern Wyoming. Vertical
range from about 1500 feet in northeastern Nebraska to over 5000 feet
west of Denver, Colorado. Zonal range, mainly upper Sonoran.
Genl. Char. Size small; color pale; ears short; skull small.
Color. Top of head pale pinkish buff; sides of head grayish,
tinged with black; back pale pinkish buff mixed with black; shoulders
washed with gray; patch on rump iron gray; nape pale rusty rufous;
front and outer side of forelegs pale rusty rufous; outer side of hind
legs dull cinnamon, outer side of hind feet paler; top of forefeet pale
pinkish buff, of hind feet white; tail above dusky gray; underside
of neck pinkish buff, rest of underparts white with a pale buff band
on lower part of flanks ; ears on outer side grizzled gray bordered with
black on front and at tip, inside grayish white. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, average 5, 408; tail, 52; hind foot,
99; ear, 50. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 70; Hensel, 53.2; zygo-
matic width, 35.6; intertemporal width, 11.5; length of nasals, 26.8;
palatal length, 8.2; length of upper molar series, 13.5; length of man-
dible, 37.1; length of lower molar series, 14.1. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Sylvilagus floridanus restrictus Nelson.
Sylvilagus floridanus restrictus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 82.
Type locality. Zapotlan, Jalisco, Mexico.
114 SYLVILAGUS.
Geogr. Dislr. Mainly oak and pine forested slopes of Sierra Madre
in Michoacan, southern and western Jalisco, and southeastern part
of Territory of Tepic, Mexico. Vertical range from about 4000 to
5000 feet in Michoacan. Zonal range mainly upper Sonoran and tran-
sition, but ranging down on south slope of Sierra Madre through
lower Sonoran to border of arid tropical zone.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. f. subcinctus but more reddish; skull
with heavier rostrum and narrower intertemporal area.
Color. Top of head and upperparts of body ochraceous-buff,
washed with black; nape deep rusty buff; neck on under side dark
cream-buff; forelegs cinnamon-rufous; top of forefeet ochraceous-
buff; back of hind legs dark cinnamon-rufous; top of hind feet ochra-
ceous-buff; tail above ochraceous; ears ochraceous-brown, bordered
anteriorly and at tip with black; underparts of body white. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 425; tail, 55; hind foot, 94; ear, 58.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 74.5; Hensel, 56; zygomatic width, 37.3;
intertemporal width, 13.8; palatal length, 7.3; length of nasals, 25.2;
length of upper molar series, 13.6; length of lower molar series, 14.2.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sylvilagus gabbi messorius Goldman.
Sylvilagus gabbi messorius Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2,
1912, p. 13.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 1800 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. gabbi, but more heavily overlaid with
black.
Color. Top of head and upperparts rusty heavily mixed with
black, which is almost the dominant color; nape ochraceous-buff;
flanks and outer side of thighs cream color, less black appearing;
cheeks buff and black; under side of neck buff; rest of underparts
white; outer side of fore legs and feet ochraceous-buff; hind feet on
upper side chamois-buff; tail above ochraceous-buff, beneath white;
ears brownish black on outer side of anterior border. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 370; tail, 17; hind foot, 80. Skull:
Total length, 73; Hensel, 55.3; zygomatic width, 36.7; inter temporal
width, 12.5; palatal length, 31.2; length of nasals, 29.2; length of
upper molar series, 13.6; length of mandible, 51.6; length of lower
molar series, 13.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sylvilagus cunicularius (Waterhouse).
Lepus cunicularius Waterh., Nat. Hist. Mamm., II, 1848, p. 132;
Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 51.
SYLVILAGUS. 115
Lepus vera-crucis Thos., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 74, pi. vi;
Elliot, Mamm. Middle Amer. and W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub.,
IV, Pt. i, 1904, p. 420, Zool. Ser.; Id. Check-List Mamm. N.
Amer. Cont. and W. Indies, 1905, p. 347.
Type locality. Sacualpan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
From an examination of Waterhouse's type in the Berlin Museum,
Mr. Osgood (I. c.) decided that the example could not be separated
from Lepus verce-crucis Thomas, and therefore this name must become
a synonym, and the species be known as Sylvilagus cunicularius (Water-
house) .
Sylvilagus cognatus Nelson.
Sylmlagus cognatus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 82.
Type locality. Near summit of the Manzano Mountains, Valencia
County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. High mountain summits and adjacent slopes of
central-eastern New Mexico.. Vertical range from about 6500 to
10,200 feet altitude on Manzano Mountains, zone range mainly tran-
sition, and lower part of Canadian zone.
Genl. Char. Color pale; skull small with slender supra-orbital
and smaller bullse.
Color. Top of head and upperparts buffy gray tinged with black;
rump iron-gray; head about eyes rusty buff; sides of head iron-gray
tinged with buff, as are also the flanks; nape rusty rufous; sides of
neck and shoulders rusty buff washed with buff -gray; front and sides
of legs pale rusty; top of fore feet whitish; back and outer side of
hind legs pale rusty cinnamon, tips of hairs gray; hind feet on top,
white; neck beneath pale buffy gray, base of fur plumbeous; under
parts of body white; outer side of ears buff -gray, front edge of termi-
nal third blackish; tail buff -brown and washed with gray. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 390; hind foot, 100; ear, 68.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 71.7; Hensel, 55.4; zygomatic width,
36.5; intertemporal width, 13.8; median length of nasals,' 20.9;
palatal length, 5.8; length of upper molar series, 13.4; length of
mandible, 34; length of lower molar series, 12.3. Ex type in United
States National Museum,
Sylvilagus auduboni vallicola Nelson.
Sylmlagus auduboni vallicola Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 82.
Type locality. San Emigdio Ranch, Kern County, California.
116 SYLVILAGUS.
Geogr. Distr. Hot, arid plains of central-interior California in
Salinas, upper Cuyama, and San Joaquin Valleys, north to beyond
Raymond and south to Walker and Tejon Passes. Not found west
of the outer Coast Range. Vertical range from about 250 feet in
bottom of San Joaquin Valley to 4500 feet altitude on western slope
of Sierra Nevada. Zonal range mainly lower Sonoran, but extend-
ing into upper Sonoran.
Gent. Char. Size as S. auduboni; ears larger, colors paler; head
pale ochraceous; flanks paler than back; rump grayish; nape pale
ochraceous-buff; front and sides of fore legs ochraceous-buff; top of
fore feet buffy white; back and side of hind legs buff-cinnamon;
neck beneath pale buff; rest of underparts white; tail above pale
grayish buff; outer side of ears buffy gray, margined with black at
tip. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 375; tail, 73; hind foot, 88;
ear, 68. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 67.8; Hensel, 52.9; zygomatic
width, 34.1; intertemporal width, 12.4; length of nasals, 22.5; pal-
atal length, 4.9; length of upper molar series, 12.8; length of man-
dible, 45.2; length of lower molar series, 12.5. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Sylvilagus auduboni cedrophilus Nelson.
Syhilagus auduboni cedrophilus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XX, 1907, p. 83.
Type locality. Cactus Flat, 20 miles north of Cliff, Grant County,
New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mainly the juniper and pinon pine belt, north
through mountains of southern half of New Mexico and along the
mogollon Range to east side of San Francisco Mountain of east-
central Arizona. Vertical range from about 5000 to 8000 feet in
western New Mexico. Zonal range mainly upper Sonoran.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. a. minor but larger and darker in color.
Skull : larger than 5. a. minor but bullae smaller.
Color. Top of head and upperparts dark buff washed with black;
flanks pale buff, no black; rump-patch iron-gray; nape dark rusty
rufous; front and sides of fore legs dark rusty rufous; back and sides
of lower portion of hind legs rusty cinnamon; top of hind feet white;
neck beneath dark buff; rest of underparts white; outer side of ears
grayish buff, bordered at tip with black; tail above grayish brown.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 385; tail, 35; hind foot, 92. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 66.8; Hensel, 50.8; zygomatic width, 34.3;
intertemporal width, 10; length of nasals, 26.6; palatal length, 5.4;
SYLVILAGUS. 117
length of upper molar series, 11.9; length of mandible, 32.2; length of
lower molar series, 12.5. Ex type in American Museum of Natural
History.
This race appears to grade on all sides into such forms as S. a.
minor and S. a. arizonce, so that it is difficult to characterize some
examples, but as a rule the specimens are more strongly buff on back
and lower neck.
Sylvilagus auduboni warreni Nelson.
Sylvilagus auduboni warreni Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 83.
Type locality. Coventry, Montrose County, Colorado.
Geogr. Distr. Southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah, north-
western New Mexico, northeastern Arizona, including lower half of the
valley of the Little Colorado River, to east base of San Francisco
Mountain, and to Henry Mountains, southeastern Utah. Vertical
range from about 5000 to 8500 feet in northwestern New Mexico.
Zonal range mainly upper Sonoran, extending into transition and lower
Sonoran zones.
Genl. Char. Like S. a. baileyi but darker in color. Typical speci-
mens are distinguishable from the species compared, but those exhib-
iting the various gradations towards other forms are not so readily
recognized.
Color. Top of head and upperparts cream-buff, the back washed
with black; nape pale rusty rufous; rump iron-gray; front and outer
side of fore legs rusty ochraceous-ruf ous ; top of fore feet white ; back
and outer side of hind legs cinnamon; top of hind feet wide; lower
border of flanks buff; neck beneath dark buff; underparts of body
white; inguinal portion dark buff; tail above iron-gray; outer side of
ears grayish washed with black. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 375; tail, 51; hind foot, 102. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 68.5; Hensel, 52; zygomatic width, 34.8;
intertemporal width, 12.5; length of nasals, 21.3; palatal length, 7.8;
length of upper molar series, 12; length of lower molar series, 12.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
This form, like S. a. cedrophilus, is recognizable in the typical style,
but difficult to recognize in its various gradations.
Sylvilagus auduboni neomexicanus Nelson.
Sylvilagus auduboni neomexicanus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XX, 1907, p. 83.
Type locality. Fort Sumner, Guadalupe County, New Mexico.
118 SYLVILAGUS.
Geogr. Distr. Pecos Valley from near Fort Stockton, Texas,
north to about Fort Sumner, New Mexico, and thence east to Abilene
and Wichita Falls, Texas, and north through eastern New Mexico,
western Texas and western Oklahoma to extreme south-central
Kansas. Vertical range from about 2500 feet in western Texas to
5000 feet in eastern New Mexico. Zonal range lower Sonoran and
lower part of upper Sonoran zone.
Genl. Char. Like S. a. minor but ears shorter and hind foot longer.
Skull has longer nasals, smaller bullae, intertemporal width greater
and a more flattened frontal area.
Color. Top of head and back dark buff-gray tinged with rusty
buff; flanks similar to back, but more gray; shoulders deep rusty buff ;
nape rufous; outer side of fore legs bright rusty rufous; top of fore
feet dark buff; outer side of hind legs rusty cinnamon; under side of
neck dark rusty buff; underparts of body white; outer side of ears
pale grayish buff; tail above buff-gray. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 385; tail, 59; hind foot, 91. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 63.4; Hensel, 48.9; zygomatic width, 33.8;
intertemporal width, 11.2; length of nasals, 20; palatal length, 6;
length of upper molar series, 12.1; length of mandible, 44.7; length of
lower molar series, 12.7. Ex type in United States National Musem.
As Mr. Nelson says "this is not a strongly marked form," but it
is separated as a race on account of the legs and shoulders being
more rusty reddish, the rusty buff tinge on rest of the body, and small
ears.
Sylvilagus robustus (Bailey).
Lepus pinetus robustus Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905, p. 159.
Davis Mountain Cottontail.
Type locality. Davis Mountain, 6000 feet altitude, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Davis and Chisos Mountains, 6000 to 8000 feet
altitude. Zonal range Transition.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. p. holzneri but larger; braincase nar-
rower; postorbital processes wider; bullae larger.
Color. Winter Pelage. Crown and rump brownish gray; back
mixed buff and black; sides light ashy gray; nape bright fawn;
throat-patch buffy; lower parts white; outer side of limbs pale rusty
rufous. Ex type in United States National Museum.
^Measurements. Total length, 460; tail vertebrae, 55; hind foot,
104; ear from notch, 67. Skull: Basal length, 60; length of nasals,
32; zygomatic breadth, 34; width of braincase, 26.5; intertemporal
width, 13; mastoid width, 25.5; length of upper molar series, 12.7;
SYLVILAGUS. 119
length of mandible, 40; length of lower molar series, n. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Subgenus D. Tapeti.
Sylvilagus aquaticus littoralis Nelson.
Sylvilagus aquaticus littoralis'Nels., N. Amer. Fauna, No. 29, 1909,
P- 273.
Type locality. Houma, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana.
Geogr. Distr. A narrow belt of swamps and marshes along the
Gulf coast, nearly if not entirely within the upper limits of tidewater,
from Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, west through Louisiana to Matagorda
Bay, Texas. Vertical range below 50 feet altitude, wholly within the
lower austral zone.
Color. Top of head f errugineous ; nape dark rufous; upperparts
mixed black and cinnamon-buff; becoming deeper buff on the rump;
flanks paler buff, no black; top of fore legs rusty buff; underparts
dull grayish brown; top of hind legs pale rusty; lower back beneath
a patch of dark buff ; rest of. underparts white ; tail above mixed black
and rusty, beneath white; ears brown. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 85.6; Hensel, 68.3; zygo-
matic width, 40.4; intertemporal width, 18.3; length of nasals, 29.3;
length of upper molar series, 15.7; length of mandible, 40.7; length of
lower molar series, 15.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subgenus E. Microlagus.
Sylvilagus bachmani exiguus Nelson.
Sylvilagus bachmani exiguus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 84.
Type locality. Yubay, central Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Arid middle part of peninsula of Lower California
from Alamo Plain and Trinidad Valley south to Comondu. Vertical
range, from sea-level at San Quentin to about 7000 feet on San Pedro
Martir Mountains. Zonal range mainly upper and lower Sonoran
extending into Transition on mgun tains.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. b. cinerascens, but ears longer and bullae
larger.
Color. Top of head and back pinkish buff lined with black, the
tips of the hairs being of that color; flanks and rump gray; outer
120 SYLVILAGUS.
side of fore legs fawn color; nape pale ochraceous; fore feet whitish;
outer side of hind legs similar in color to the back; hind feet white;
neck beneath pale gray; underparts of body white, base of fur plum-
beous; tail above gray, beneath white; ears gray. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 315; tail, 32; hind foot, 68; ear,
63. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 60.5; Hensel, 47.5; zygomatic
width, 28.3; intertemporal width, 9.6; length of nasals, 9.4; palatal
length, 4.2; length of upper molar series, 10.5; length of lower molar
series, 10.9. E)x type in United States National Museum.
The size of the ears and bullae serve to distinguish this form when
compared with those of 5. b. cinerascens.
Sylvilagus mansuetus Nelson.
Sylmlagus mansuetus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 83.
Type locality. San Jose Island, Gulf of California.
Geogr. Distr. San Jose Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Verti-
cal range from sea-level up to an undetermined altitude on low moun-
tains. Zonal range lower Sonoran and upper border of arid tropical
zone.
Genl. Char. Colors very pale; ears long. Skull long and narrow;
nasals very long; intertemporal width great; bullae large.
Color. Top of head and back yellowish gray; tips of hairs black;
nape pale ochraceous-bufl; flanks paler and more gray; outer side of
fore legs ochraceous-clay color; fore legs white; back of hind legs
brownish; hind feet pure white; under side of neck pale gray; rest
of underparts of body white ; outer side of ears gray ; tail above mixed
black and buff. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 339; tail, 44; hind foot, 73; ear, 63.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 64.1; Hensel, 49.5; zygomatic width,
31.2; intertemporal width, 11.3; length of nasals, 18.9; palatal length,
5.2; length of upper molar series, 10.6; length of mandible, 28.5;
length of lower molar series, 11.5. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
The unique type of this rabbit is assuming a winter pelage, and it is
not improbable that its paler appearance may be attributed, in a con-
siderable degree, to this fact.
LEPUS. 121
Genus Lepus (in).
Subgenus F. Macrotolagus.
Lepus alleni tiburonensis Townsend.
Lepus alleni tiburonensis Town., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI,
1912, p. 120.
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. alleni but more of an iron-gray on flanks
and thighs; back thickly mingled with black.
Color. Top of head to between eyes dark brown mixed with pale
buff, nose paler; back to rump mixed black and buff, first color pre-
dominating; flanks to middle of belly and outer side of legs iron-gray,
palest on belly; line on inner side of legs and on middle of belly white;
black line from tail over center of rump to tail; tail iron-gray with
black in center above, grayish beneath; feet whitish, soles pale
cinnamon; ears nearly naked, dark brown, outer buffy edge- white.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 610; hind foot, 127; ear, 132.
Skull: Total length, 104.8; Occipito-nasal length, 101.7; Hensel, 82;
zygomatic width, 47.9; intertemporal width, 29.5; length of nasals,
medium, 32.5; length of palate, arch to incisive foramina, 94; length
of upper molar series, 16.2; length of mandible, 70; length of lower
molar series, 17.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Lepus californicus magdalenae Nelson.
Lepus californicus magdalencz Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX,
1907, p. 81.
Type locality. Magdalena Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Magdalena and Margarita Islands, near southern
end of Lower California, Mexico. Vertical range from sea-level to
about 1000 feet altitude. Zonal range Lower Sonoran.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. c. xanti but paler; ears shorter. Skull:
Size small; interorbital area narrower; rostrum more slender, and
bullag larger than those of species compared.
Color. Top of head, upperparts and sides of body pale pinkish
buff washed with black except on flanks, where it is hardly traceable;
sides of nose and about eyes dull gray; sides of head buff-gray; under
side of head white; neck beneath and underparts of body dull salmon-
buff; fore legs in front and fore feet on top pinkish buff, lined with
blackish; back and sides of hind legs paler, a clearer buff; front of hind
legs and top of hind feet paler than sides of legs; ears in front dull
122 LEPUS.
gray ; on back pure white with a terminal black patch ; anterior border
of ears gray, black at tip; posterior edge white; tail above black, be-
neath grayish buff. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 550; tail, 92; hind foot, 117.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 84.4; Hensel, 67.2; zygomatic width,
40.3; mtertemporal width, 11.9; length of nasals, 29.1; palatal length,
5.8; length of upper molar series, 13.8; length of mandible, 56.8;
length of lower molar series, 15.1 Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Lepus calif ornicus bennettii Gray.
Lepus bennettii Gray, Voy. Sulphur, Zool., 1844, p. 35, pi. 14.
Type locality. California. Type in British Museum.
Geogr. Distr. Southern California west of summit of Coast Range r
from near Gaviota Pass to Mexican border and south along the coast
to San Quentin, Lower California. Vertical range from sea-level at
San Diego to about 6000 feet altitude in mountains to the eastward.
Zonal range mainly Upper Sonoran.
Genl. Char. Smaller than L. californicus and paler. Skull not so
heavy.
Color. Top of head and back pinkish buff, washed with black;
nape cinnamon, some specimens grayish drab; under side of head
whitish; under side of neck dark buff; sides of body like back, but
less black; lower part of shoulder, inner side of thighs and abdomen
light ochraceous-buff; top of fore feet buffy fawn, hairs with black
tips; tail above black; beneath brownish buff.
This form has generally been considered the same as L. californicus,
and in the Check-List was made its synonym. Mr. Nelson in his ' Rab-
bits of North America ' has separated it from that species and given it
a distinct rank.
Subgenus G. Lepus.
Lepus bairdi cascadensis Nelson.
Lepus bairdi cascadensis Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
p. 87.
Type locality. Roab's Ranch, near Hope, British Columbia.
Geogr. Distr. Cascade Mountains near extreme southern border of
British Columbia from Hope, on Fraser River, south along east side
of mountains at least to Martin and Easton, Washington. Vertical
range undetermined. Zonal range mainly Canadian and Hudsojiian.
Color. Upperparts dusky reddish cinnamon-brown; patch on
rump large, blackish; head dark reddish cinnamon. In winter the
pelage is pure white.
Order Carnivora. Carnivores.
Family Felidae. Cats.
Genus Felis (112).
Felis arundivaga Hollister.
Felis arundivaga Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911,
p. 176.
Type locality. Twelve miles southwest of Vidalia, Concordia
Parish, Louisiana.
Genl. Char. Size large; pronounced caudal stripe; . nasals very
broad; sagittal crest highly developed.
Color. Black spot on each side of nose; face blackish; white
streak over eye; upperparts and outer side of limbs grayish fawn;
upperparts mixed with dusky; nape color indistinct, on middle of back
and withers pale rufous; inner side of legs grayish; lips and throat
white; chest fulvous; feet pale- rufous; tail dark grayish fawn, with
a dark brown stripe above for the entire length. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 2100; tail, 735. Skull: Occipito-
nasal length, 193; Hensel, 174; zygomatic width, 159; intertemporal
width, 37.1; medium length of nasals, 50.3; palatal length, 85.3;
length of upper molar series, 46.3; length of mandible, 14.5; length of
lower molar series, 45.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
1 Felis improcera Phillips.
Felis improcera Phillips, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912,
p. 85.
Type locality. Calmalli, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size smaller than F. browni Merr.; teeth larger.
Color. "Dark fawn color (Ridgway), darker along the back where
it is mixed with dusky-tipped hairs. General color less reddish than
F. azteca. Tail bicolored ending in a conspicuous black tip, the hairs
of which are three centimeters long."
Measurements. Skull: " Basal length, 150; palatal length, 72;
palatal length from gnathon to tip of hamalar process, 105; length of
1 The author has not seen a specimen of this Puma. Its chief claim to a distinct
form appears to be its comparatively small size, a character pertaining to most ani-
mals as they approach equatorial regions, but hardly a sufficient one for specific
separation.
123
124 FELIS.
nasals, 55; zygomatic width, 124; least width of nasals, 14; width of
anterior nares, 27; length of anterior nares, 31; length of lower tooth
row from back of first molar to front of canine, 69; length of upper
tooth row, 60; length of ramus of lower jaw from condyle to base of
incisor, 1.125; width between postorbital processes of parietals, 68;
greatest width of palate outside tooth row, 76."
Felis pirrensis Goldman.
Felis pirrensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LXIII, 1914, p. 4.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 2000 feet.
Genl. Char. Size large, markings both stripes and spots.
Color. Upperparts, the ground color is ochraceous tawny, palest
on head; sides cinnamon -buff; Upperparts heavily lined and spotted
with black, Jhe black spots forming rosettes with tawny centers; the
usual three black lines on hind neck; heavy black diagonal stripes on
shoulders ; two narrow black lines on middle of back near root of tail ;
outer side of limbs cinnamon-buff, spotted with black; underparts
white, with a black bar across throat and another on neck; abdomen
heavily spotted with black; feet buffy gray, with small, black mark-
ings; ears black, with white submarginal spots and buffy edges; tail
above buff and beneath white encircled with numerous irregular broad
black rings. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 963; tail, 440; hind foot, 131.5.
Skull: Total length, 99.6; Hensel, 83.8; zygomatic width, 62.8; in-
ter temporal width, 18.5; length of nasals, 17.6; greatest breadth of
nasals, 13; palatal length, 38.5; length of upper molar series, 22.7;
alveolar length of upper carnassial, n.6; length of mandible, 62;
length of lower molar series, 22.4. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Felis pardalis albescens Pucheran.
Felis albescens Pucheran, Voy. de la Venus, Zool., 1855, p. 149.
Type locality. Arkansas. Type in Paris Museum.
In the Monograph of the Felidse, I placed this form among the
synonyms of F. pardalis, but it has lately been recognized as a sub-
species. There are three mounted specimens in the Paris Museum
alike neither in size nor in pattern of their markings. It is a pale
style of F. pardalis, and if it can be shown to have a special distinction
from that of the parent species, it might stand as a subspecies, as these
are recognized at present. It cannot be said, however, that this has
as yet been accomplished.
CANIS. 125
Family Canidae. Dogs, Wolves, Foxes.
Genus Canis (114).
Canis lycaon Schreber.
Canis lycaon Schreb., Saugth., 1776; pi. Ixxxix.
Type locality. Eastern Canada.
Canis tundrarum Miller.
Canis tundrarum Miller, Smith Misc. Coll., LIX, 1912, No. 15, p. i.
Type locality. Point Barrow, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Larger than C. lycaon; rostrum and palate narrower
than C. nubilus. Smaller in size than the Timber Wolf.
Color. No skin obtained; skull only.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 254; occipito-nasal length,
217; Hensel, 221; zygomatic width, 147.9; intertemporal width,
41.7; length of nasals, 90.6; width of rostrum between premolars,
second and third, 46.4; palatal length, 128.8; greatest width of palate,
63.2; length of upper molar series, 92; length of mandible, 190; length
of lower molar series, 96.9. Ex type in United States National
Museum .
Canis gigas (Townsend).
Lupus gigas Towns., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1850, p. 75.
Canis gigas Miller, Smith. Misc. Coll. LIX, 1912, p. 3.
Type locality. Near Vancouver, Clark County, Washington.
Canis jamesi Townsend.
Canis jamesi Towns., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI, 1912, p.
130.
Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California.
Genl. Char. Colors pale, similar to C. estor but more buff.
Color. Entire top of nose cinnamon-rufous; top of head and
cheeks ivory yellow, almost white with many black hairs intermingled,
most conspicuous on top of head; nape and outer side of ears pale
cinnamon; broken black line from nape to rump on middle of dorsal
region; rest of upperparts whitish with black hairs intermingled
throughout, occasionally forming spots or streaks; outer side of limbs
buffy, growing paler on feet; sides of neck buffy; flanks and under-
parts whitish, tinged with buffy on middle of belly; inner side of fore
legs buff; inner side of hind legs whitish; tail above at base like
126 CANIS.
back, remainder pale cinnamon. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1143; tail, 330; hind foot, 330;
ear, 118. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 165; Hensel, 160; zygomatic
width, 92; intertemporal width, 33.5; length of nasals, 63.2; palatal
length, 87.2; length of upper molar series, 69.3; length of mandible,
53.5; length of lower molar series, 72. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Canis nebrascensis texensis Bailey.
Canis nebrascensis texensis Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25, 1905,
P. 175-
Texas Coyote.
Type locality. Cummings Creeks, Colorado County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Middle and southern Texas, eastward to Gainesville
and Richmond.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. nebrascensis, but darker and brighter;
dentition lighter.
Color. Winter Pelage. Buffy gray clouded with black; legs, ears
and nose bright fulvous; throat and belly whitish; black line down
front of fore leg; tail dull bufly gray, tip black. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1.143; tail vertebrae, 355; hind
foot, 1 80. Skull: Basal length, 169; length of nasals, 67; zygomatic
breadth, 94; mastoid width, 61; intertemporal breadth, 30; length
of crown of upper carnassial, 19.8; length of upper molar series, 67.6;
length of mandible, 135.6; length of lower molar series, 75.6. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Canis floridanus Miller.
Canis florid anus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912, p. 95.
Type locality. Horse Landing, St. Johns River, Florida.
Genl. Char. Premolars larger, and carnassial less robust than in
C. lycaon; rostral portion of skull weaker.
Color. Upperparts light buff gray clouded with black ; underparts
pale yellowish buff; muzzle, legs and feet ochraceous; tail buff at
base, hairs on remainder absent; under fur dark brown. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Tail, about 230; hind foot, about 189 (flat skin).
Skull: Occipital region gone; Hensel, 175; zygomatic width, 122;
intertemporal width, 40; length of nasals, 70.7; length of upper molar
series, 72.1; length of mandible, 160; length of lower molar series,
85.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
VULPES. UROCYON. ICTICYON. 127
Genus Vulpes (115).
Vulpes macrotis devius Nelson and Goldman.
Vulpes macrotis devius Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
'XXII, 1909, p. 25.
Type locality. Llano de Yrais, opposite Magdalena Island, Lower
California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like V. macrotis but sides of nose, lower jaw and
sometimes chin blackish.
Color. Forehead and cheeks buffy gray; upperparts silvery gray;
base of ears behind collar on neck beneath and on outer side of legs
deep ochraceous-buff; sides of neck, underparts of body, flanks and
under side of tail deep buff to pale ochraceous-buff; throat and median
line of belly white; ears, sides of nose and tip of tail blackish. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 785; tail, 285; hind foot, 129.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 102.2; Hensel, 104.3; zygomatic width,
60. i ; intertemporal width, 19.9; length of nasals, 38; palatal length,
arch to incisors, 57.1; length of upper molar series, 42.9; length of
lower molar series, 84.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Urocyon (116).
Urocyon calif ornicus sequoiensis Dixon.
Urocyon californicus sequoiensis Dixon, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V,
1910, p. 303.
Type locality. Lagunitas, Marin County, California.
Genus Icticyon.
Icticyon Lund, Overs. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. Kjoben-
havn, 1842 (1843), No. 6, p. 80. Type Icticyon venaticus Lund.
Icticyon panamensis Goldman.
Icticyon panamensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2, 1912,
p. 14.
Type locality. Near head of Limon River, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to I. venaticus, but paler.
Color. Top of head, neck, upperparts to rump pinkish buff; rump
with black and pinkish buff hairs mixed, giving this part a blackish
appearance; flanks similar to upperparts, but darker by a mixture of
128 URSUS.
dusky hairs; underparts mixed dusky and pinkish buff, darker than
flanks; forehead, nose, and cheeks ochraceous-buff; a few black hairs
beneath eyes; chin dusky; fore legs blackish; toes and a line on under
side of leg buff; hind legs black, brown toward toes; tail black all
around; ears pinkish buff . Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 740; tail, 125; hind foot, 118.
Skull: Greatest length, 139.6; Occipito-nasal length, 118.3; Hensel,
118.3; zygomatic width, 76.6; intertemporal width, 24.8; length of
nasals, 36.1; palatal length, 61.7; length of upper molar series, 42.1;
length of mandible, 95.8; length of lower molar series, 40.3. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Family Ursidae. Bears.
Subfamily Ursinae.
Genus Ursus (117).
TJrsus sheldoni Merriam.
Ursus sheldoni Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII, 1910, p. 127.
Type locality. Montague Island, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Similar to U. perniger. Skull quite different, large
and massive, but short and very broad across squamosals and frontals;
claws large; basi-sphenoid broad and flat, nearly equaling in length the
basi-occipital, condyle of mandible exserted; lower border of mandibu-
lar ramus curving evenly to angle from coronoid; claws of grizzly type.
Color. General color brownish; head grizzled; hairs of back
sometimes tipped with yellowish; belly, feet and legs blackish. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 368; Hensel, 362;
zygomatic width, 270; length of nasals, 113.6; palatal length, arch
to incisors, 196; width of palate between last molars, 61.3; length
of upper molar series, 57; length of mandible, 187; length of lower
molar series, 74.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Ursus americanus perniger Allen.
Ursus americanus kenaiensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXVIII, 1910, p. 6.
Ursus americanus perniger Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXVIII, 1910, p. 115.
Type locality. Homer, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Skull as compared with the black bear from Labrador
URSUS. THALARCTOS. 129
is less broad in proportion to its length; length of tooth row is less
and the teeth are smaller.
Color. Pelage intensely black. Ex -type in American Museum of
Natural History.
Measurements. Skull : Total length, 253; occipito-nasal length, 220;
Hensel, 225; intertemporal length, 88.1; length of nasals, 66.9; length
of upper molar series, 75.3; zygomatic width, 142; palatal length,
121.2; length of m1, 24.5; length of mandible, 173; length of lower
molar series, 72. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Ursus americanus pugnax Swarth.
Ursus americanus pugnax Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., VII,
1911, p. 141.
Type locality. Rocky Bay, Dall Island, Alaska.
Ursus alexandrae Merriam.
Ursus alexandrce Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
p. 174.
. Type locality. Kusilof Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.
Genl. Char. Size large; skull long, narrow; rostrum very broad;
sagittal crest long, high ; claws very long.
Color. General hue uniform- pale brown (varying among individ-
uals to light reddish brown or grayish yellow); yellowish brown
between ears; legs and feet slightly darker. Type in United States
National Museum.
Genus Thalarctos.
Thalarctos maritimus ungavensis Knottnerus-Meyer.
Thalarctos maritimus var. ungavensis Knottnerus-Meyer, Sitzungsb.
Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1908, p. 181.
Type locality. Ungava Bay, Ungava, Canada.
Thalarctos eogroenlandicus Knottnerus-Meyer.
Thalarctos eogroenlandicus Knottnerus-Meyer, Sitzungsb. Gesell.
Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1908, p. 182.
Type locality. Pack ice off coast of eastern Greenland.
Thalarctos labradorensis Knottnerus-Meyer.
Thalarctos labradorensis Knottnerus-Meyer, Sitzungsb. Gesell.
Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1908, p. 183.
Type locality. Okak, Labrador.
Ursus arctos schwenki Shoemaker.
Ursus arctos schwenki Shoemaker, Stories of Great Pennsylvania
Hunter, 1913, p. 25.
BASSARISCUS.
Family Procyonidae. Raccoons, Coat is, etc.
V
Subfamily Procyoninae.
Genus Bassariscus (118).
Bassariscus astutus insulicola Nelson and Goldman.
Bassariscus astutus insulicola Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XXII, 1909, p. 26.
Type locality. San Jose Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Allied to B. saxicola and B. palmarius but more
yellow in color.
Color. Head grayish, face markings white and gray; upperparts
dull ochraceous-buff; flanks and outer side of limbs paler; underparts
pale buff; feet above pale buff; tail above with seven black and seven
white rings, tip black; beneath cream-buff. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 715; tail, 362; hind foot, 70.
Skull: Total length, 77.2; occipito-nasal length, 69.1; Hensel, 69.8;
zygomatic width, 50.6; intertemporal width, 14.4; palatal length, 32;
length of upper molar series, 26.8; length of mandible, 53; length of
lower molar series, 29. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Bassariscus astutus palmarius Nelson and Goldman.
Bassariscus astutus palmarius Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XXII, 1909, p. 26.
Type locality. Comondu, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. saxicola but darker; skull narrower.
Color. Top of head and upperparts grayish drab tinged with buff,
tips of long hairs washed with black; flanks pinkish buff ; lips whitish;
side of muzzle, orbital rings and hind part of cheeks blackish; legs
buff; underparts cream-buff; feet cream color; ears brownish at
base, grayish toward tip; tail above and beneath with seven black
and seven white rings, tip black. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 730; tail, 367; hind foot, 72.
Skull: Total length, 78.6; occipito-nasal length, 703; Hensel, 70.3;
zygomatic width, 48.4; intertemporal width, 17.6; length of upper
molar series, 27.2; length of lower molar series, 29.3. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
BASSARISCUS. BASSARICYON. 131
Bassariscus astutus nevadensis Miller.
Bassariscus astutus nevadensis Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVI, 1913, p. 159.
Type locality. Eldorado Canyon, Clark County, Nevada.
Genl. Char. Smaller than B. a. oregonus; skull resembles that of
B. a. palmarius but the teeth are larger.
Color. Head in front of ears gray; upperparts and sides ashy;
tips of hairs black, little of the buff color appearing; underparts
cream -buff; legs and feet whitish; tail white, with six rings and tip
black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 640; tail, 310; hind foot, 57.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 68.1; Hensel, 65.2; zygomatic width,
43.4; intertemporal width, 15; length of nasals, 26.4; palatal length,
32; length of upper molar series, 30.2; length of mandible, 57.4;
length of lower molar series, 31.8. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus Bassaricyon (119).
Bassaricyon richardsoni Allen.
Bassaricyon richardsoni Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV,
1908, p. 662.
Type locality. Rio Grande, Atlantic slope, Nicaragua.
Color. Top of head grayish brown; hairs black-tipped and form-
ing a black spot on crown, extending to ears; general color of upper-
parts of body pale fulvous, with black tips to the hairs, intensifying
the dorsal line from the head to root of tail; flanks pale rufous, hairs
not black- tipped ; outer side of limbs pale rufous; side of nose and chin
dusky brown; underparts and inner side of limbs chamois; feet like
outer side of limbs; tail pale fulvous with a dark median line formed
of black-tipped hairs. Ex type in American Museum of Natural
History.
Measurements. Total length, 950; tail, 480; hind foot, 80 (col-
lector). Skull: Total length, 81.8; occipito-nasal length, 77; Hensel,
72; zygomatic width, 53; intertemporal width, 17; length of nasals,
15; palatal length, 45; length of upper molar series, 22.2; length of
mandible, 58.1 ; length of lower molar series, 24.9. Ex type in Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History.
Bassaricyon gabbi orinomus Goldman.
Bassaricyon gabbi orinomus Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 2,
1912, p. 16.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 1800 feet.
132 PROCYON.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. gabbi in size, but differing in cranial
characters; broader basi-occipital ; bullae smaller; post-orbital proc-
esses very long.
Color. Entire upperparts pale fulvous, hairs on dorsal line black-
tipped making this darker ; top of head and face grizzled gray ; under-
parts orange-buff in middle of belly ; buffy yellow on sides ; tail above
like dorsal line, growing paler towards the tip which is brownish;
beneath paler; fore feet brown, hind feet pale fulvous which is also
the color of the limbs; ears blackish at tip, rest brown. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 820; tail, 419; hind 'foot, 86. Skull:
Total length, 82.2; Hensel, 71.9; zygomatic width, ; inter tem-
poral width, 55.3; length of nasals, 19; length of upper molar series,
24; length of mandible, 56.3; length of lower molar series, 26. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Genus Procyon (120).
Procyon minor Miller.
Procyon minor Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p. 4.
Type locality. Ponite-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.
Genl. Char. Size small; posterior extension of palate wider than
distance from last molar to anterior border of mesopterygoid fossa.
Color. Upperparts grizzled gray; back clouded with black; neck
tinged with yellow; face with the usual black markings; underparts
dark wood-brown, long hairs whitish; interramial bar narrow, indis-
tinct; tail like back, the rings narrow, distinct; large white spot on
tip of ear. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 625; tail, 185; hind foot, 85.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 91.7; Hensel, 86; zygomatic width,
55.4; intertemporal width, 17.8; breadth of braincase, 44.8; length
of nasals, 27.2; length of upper molar series, 33.3; length of mandible,
70.4; length of lower molar series, 39. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Procyon pumilus Miller.
Procyon pumilus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p. 3.
Type locality. Ancon, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. pygmceus Merriam, from Yucatan, but
yellowish, teeth less reduced and nasal bones not distinctly widened
posteriorly.
Color. Top of head finely grizzled gray; upperparts and sides
PROCYON. 133
clear grizzled gray; under fur drab, tips of long hairs black, and a
sub terminal white band; dorsal region darker than rest of upperparts
and sides; black band across face broad; underparts drab, long hairs
white,. a broad dark interramial band; fore legs like flanks but tinged
with drab; hind legs blackish above heel on inner side; tail buff,
with seven black rather narrow rings. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 665; tail, 235; hind foot, 97.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 93.1; Hensel, 25.1; zygomatic width,
63.6; intertemporal length, 20.4; length of nasals, 23.2; length of
upper molar series, 34; length of mandible, 75; length of lower molar
series, 37.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Procyon lotor crassidens Hollister.
Procyon lotor crassidens Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 142.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Gent. Char. Similar to P. I. hernandezii, but with larger molars.
Color. Face with usual mask and markings; crown and upper-
parts blackish gray, hairs ringed with buff, tips black, under fur
Prout's-brown; a black line from ears to withers; arms buffy; legs
like back; tail ringed with black and pale orange-yellow; underparts,
hands and feet buffy. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 925; tail, 325; foot, 118. Skull:
Total length, ; zygomatic width, 75.5; inter orbital width, 25.7;
length of nasals, 34.5; mastoid width, 65.8. Type in United States
National Museum.
Procyon lotor fuscipes Mearns.
Procyon lotor fuscipes Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 63.
Type locality. Las Moras Creek, Fort Clark, Kinney County,
Texas.
Genl. Char. Size large, similar to P. lotor, with colors varying in
hue and distribution. Skull with slender, lengthened rostrum;
palate narrow; bulla? long, flattened externally.
Color. Black face-mask solid and continuous on side of head below
ear and extending from grizzled black crown to end of nose; grizzled
area borders the black mask; sides of muzzle and lower lip white;
nape washed with rust color; this hue indistinct on interscapular
region; upperparts from nape to tail pale gray, the long hairs with
black tips, this color being prominent on lower dorsal region; fore and
hind legs and feet fuscous and gray mixed; throat benzo-brown;
134 PROCYON.
rest of underparts grayish white; tail with six blackish rings and a
black tip; ear black on basal half of outer surface, white on apical half.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 900; tail, 290; hind foot and claw,
132. Skull: Occipito-nasal lengtn, no; Hensel, 114.3; zygomatic
width, 85; intertemporal width, 27; length of nasals, 34.6; length of
upper molar series, 37.9; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 68.4;
length of lower molar series, 42.5. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Procyon lotor ochraceus Mearns.
Procyon lotor ochraceus Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 64.
Type locality. Sonoyta River near Quitobaquita, at Monument
No. 172, 421 miles west of the Rio Grande, and 113 miles east of the
Colorado River. Altitude 1181 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. lotor but color more ochraceous, and
with less black.
Color. Black face-mask as in raccoons generally; cinnamon -drab
on upper side of muzzle; side of face benzo-brown; sides and under
side of muzzle, angle of mouth and lower jaw white; crown whitish,
grading to purplish gray towards occiput; under fur drab; upperparts
buff, the long hairs tipped with black on thoracic region and flanks but
with brownish black on middle of lumbar and lower thoracic regions;
no black at base of ear; limbs gray on outer side, grayish white on
inner; feet clay-white; underparts grayish white, the light drab under
fur showing everywhere; tail above yellowish white with five rings
of brown and yellowish hairs; beneath whitish drab ; ears and whiskers
white. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 750; tail, 310; hind foot and claw,
115. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 101.2; Hensel, 99; zygomatic
width, 73; intertemporal width, 23.5; length of nasals, 28.4; length of
upper molar series, 34.8; length of mandible, 83.1; length of lower
molar series, 41. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Procyon lotor californicus Mearns.
Procyon lotor californicus Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 66.
Type locality. Near Monument No. 258, Mexican Boundary, San
Diego County, California.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. I. psora, but smaller and paler in color.
Skull narrower; bullae compressed laterally.
Color. Black face-mask as usual, bordered by a white band;
EUPROCYON. 135
crown brownish black, mixed with grayish white; nape and between
shoulders tinged with clay color; upperparts grayish white, long hairs
black-tipped; lower lip white; underparts white, under fur showing;
throat sepia; fore limbs soiled grayish white; hind limbs and feet
grayish white, dark under fur showing; above heel brownish black;
tail above soiled grayish white with six dark rings and black tip,
beneath the rings are practically obsolete; ears "white, black at base.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 810; tail, 312; hind foot, 112.
Skull: Occipito-nasial length, 104.4; Hensel, 102.5; zygomatic width
75; intertemporal wdth, 25; width of braincase, 55; length of nasals,,
32.2; length of upper molar series, 36; length of mandible, 84; length
of lower molar series, 40.3. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Genus l Euprocyon.
Euprocyon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 705. Type
Ursus cancrivorus Cuvier.
"Tail slender, eight or nine-ringed. Forehead of skull flat, in a
line with the nose; braincase swollen, palate only shortly produced,
and broad behind; grinders large." The carnassial has the com-
missure of the median outer cusp, and also the postero-internal cusp
absent; third upper incisor lacks the usual short independent cusp;
palate behind last molars only one-fourth the total length; molari-
form cusps short, powerful; claws blunt.
Euprocyon cancrivorus panamensis Goldm.
Euprocyon cancrivorus panamensis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll. LX,
1913, No. 22, p. 15.
Type locality. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to E. cancrivorus, but darker; facial line
longer.
Color. Top of head grizzled black and gray; sides of rostrum and
supraorbital streaks whitish; face and lower part of cheeks black;
upperparts black and ochraceous-buff, black predominating; lips,
chin and throat grayish white ; underparts pale ochraceous-buff ; outer
side of limbs black; feet brownish; tail with seven or eight black and
grayish alternating rings, tip black; ears yellowish. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 950; tail, 350; hind foot, 142.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 130; Hensel, 114.9; zygomatic width,
1 Employed as a subgenus in Check-List, p. 402.
136 POTOS. CONEPATUS.
83.8; intertemporal width, 25.7; length of nasals, 32; palatal length,
75.8; length of upper molar series, 40.3; length of mandible, 32.3;
length of lower molar series, 47.1. Ex type in United States. National
Museum.
Genus Potos (122).
Potos flavus isthmicus Goldman.
Potos flavus isthmicus Goldm., Smith Misc. Coll., LX, 1913, No. 22,
p. 14.
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama. Altitude 5200 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. f. chiriquensis, but dorsal stripe black and
distinct; intertemporal region of skull narrower; dentition heavy.
Color. Entire upperparts yellowish tawny, hairs tipped with
black; median stripe from near shoulders to root of tail black; under-
parts brownish yellow, with rusty brown spots on throat and abdomen;
tail above like back, darkest at the tip, beneath paler; muzzle, ears
and toes blackish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 910; tail, 455; hind foot, 93.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 89.7; Hensel, 74; intertemporal width,
18.2; zygomatic width, 57; palatal length, 34.8; length of nasals,
17.5; length of upper molar series, 19; length of mandible, . 51.8;
length of lower molar series, 22.9. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Family Mustelidse.
Subfamily Melin«.
Genus Conepatus (125).
Conepatus nicaraguae Allen.
Conepatus nicaragua Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXVIII,
1910, p. 106.
Type locality. San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.
Color. Middle of crown, occiput and back to root of tail white,
rest of pelage on body and limbs black; tail entirely white except
at base, beneath which is black. Ex type in American Museum of
Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 690; tail, 270; hind foot, 80.
Skull: Total length, 79; zygomatic width, 47; intertemporal width,
CONEPATUS. SPILOGALE. 137
23; mastoid width, 39.5. Ex type in American Museum of Natural
History.
Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes Bailey.
Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes Bailey, N. Am. Fauna, No. 25,
1905, p. 203.
Swamp White-backed Skunk.
Type locality. Big Thicket, 7 miles northeast of Sour Creek, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Hardin and Liberty Counties, Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. mesoleucus. Skull more slender; den-
tition lighter.
Color. Upperparts and tail white; rest of body, face and limbs
black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 625; tail vertebrae, 257; hind foot,
78. Skull: Basal length, 65.2; zygomatic width, 44.3; intertemporal
breadth, 22.3; mastoid breadth, 40.3; length of upper molar series,
16.5; length of mandible, 44; length of lower molar series, 20.8.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Conepatus tropicalis trichurus Thomas.
Conepatus tropicalis trichurus Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Ser. 7, XV, 1905, p. 585.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Type in British
Museum.
Genus Spilogale (126).
The genus Spilogale has been monographed by Mr. A. H. Howell
in North American Fauna, No. 26, 1906. Two forms have been
described as new. The only change of importance made in the nomen-
clature was the substitution of the name Viverra putorius Linnaeus
given to the little skunk which ranges from northern Virginia to South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, for S. ringens Merriam.
The latter name now becomes a synonym.
Spilogale angustifrons Howell.
Spilogale angustifrons Howell, N. Am. Fauna, No. 26, 1906, p. 27.
Type locality. San Bartolome, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Highlands, State of Chiapas, Mexico, and Costa
Rica, Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. a. tropicalis; skull narrower, dentition
heavier; mastoids not inflated but with pronounced upper ridge;
upper molars larger, lower carnassial broader.
Color. Like S. a. tropicalis, but base of tail less white, the white
138 SPILOGALE. TAYRA.
spot on thigh not continuous with white spot on flank. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebrae, 123; hind foot,
45. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 49.5; zygomatic width, 33.7;
intertemporal width, 14.5; palatal length, 17.7; length of upper
molar series, 12.6; length of mandible, 32.9; length of lower molar
series, 16.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Spilogale microdon Howell.
Spilogale microdon Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 26, 1906, p. 34.
Type locality. Comondu, Lower California.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type-locality.
Genl. Char. Smaller than S. phenax; tail longer, hind foot shorter;
teeth very small; mastoids greatly inflated.
Color. Similar to S. phenax, but dorsal stripes wider than median
pair; frontal patch large; terminal third of tail white. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 410; tail vertebras, 158; hind foot,
45. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 53; intertemporal width, 33.7;
zygomatic width, 35.4; palatal length, 16.8; length of upper molar
series, 14; length of mandible, 15.3; length of lower molar series, 18.4.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Mustelinae.
Genus Tayra.
Tayra barbara inserta Allen.
Tayra barbara inserta Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV,
1908, p. 662.
Type locality. Uluce, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Color. Head and neck brownish black; body above and beneath,
limbs and tail black ; no white present. Ex type in American Museum
of Natural History.
Measurements. Slightly smaller than T. b. biologies from Panama.
Skull: Total length, 115.6; occipito-nasal length, 107.8; Hensel, 104;
zygomatic width, 66.2; intertemporal width, 24; length of nasals,
73.4; length of upper molar series, 23.8; length of mandible, 18.8;
length of lower molar series, 27.1. Ex type in American Museum of
Natural History.
MUSTELA. 139
Genus Mustela (129).
Subgenus Mustela.
Mustela costaricensis Goldman.
Mustela costaricensis Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912,
p. 9.
Type locality. San Jose, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Larger than M. affinis; bullae larger, less flattened.
Color. Narrow white streaks across forehead and cheeks; these,
however, wanting on type; top of head and neck black; upperparts,
outer side of limbs and feet mink-brown; chin and throat white;
underparts on middle of belly yellowish buff; upperpart of thighs and
arms and tail mink-brown; top of tail black. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 376.9; tail, to end of hairs, 87.9;
hind foot, 39 (skin). Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 49.4; Hensel,
47-55 zygomatic width, 29; inter temporal width, 11.7; length of
nasals, 7; length of upper molar series, 12.7; length of mandible, 36.8;
length of lower molar series, 14.2. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Mustela cicognanii mortigena Bangs.
Mustela cicognanii mortigena Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 54,
1913, p. 511.
Type locality. Bay St. George, Newfoundland.
Mustela arctica polaris (Barrett-Hamilton).
Putorius arcticus polaris Barrett- Hamilton, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., Ser. 7, XIII, 1904, p. 393.
Type locality. Hall Land, Greenland. Latitude 82° N.; longi-
tude 59° 20' W.
Mustela audax (Barrett-Hamilton).
Putorius audax Barrett-Hamilton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Ser. 7, XIII, 1904, p. 392.
Mustela macrophonius (Elliot).
Putorius macrophonius Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905,
P- 235.
Type locality. Achotal, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type-locality.
140 MUSTELA.
Genl. Char. Size very small; tail exceedingly long; skull large
and heavy; teeth large; canines long, narrow.
Color. Top and sides of head black graduating into chestnut-
brown of upperparts and sides of body; this hue extending well on to
the underparts between the limbs; limbs, hands, feet and tail chestnut-
brown, the last tipped with black; white spot above eye and white
stripe from above eye to ear; chin and throat white reaching into the
dark ochraceous-buff of the underparts. .
Measurements. Total length, 598; tail vertebrae, 246; hind foot,
59; ear, 23. Skull: Total length, 60; Hensel, 54; zygomatic width,
34; interorbital width, 8; palatal length, 24; length of upper tooth-
row including canine, 16; length of canine, 9; length of mandible, 35;
of lower toothrow including canine, 20.
Subgenus Lutreola.
1 Mustela macrodon (Prentiss).
Lutreola macrodon Prentiss, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1003,
p. 887.
Lutreola vison antiquus Loomis, Am. Journ. Sci., XXXI, 1911, p.
228.
Type locality. Shellheaps at Brooklin, Hancock, Maine.
Measurements. Skull: Fragment only obtained, consisting of
superior maxillae; portion of nasals, right zygoma, and palate extend-
ing but 6 mm. behind molars. Incisor row, 8.25; length of premolars,
18.25; width of palate between canines, 9; width of palate between
molars, 12.50; from middle of incisor row to inner tubercle of molar,
30; space between an torbital foramina, 22; width of narial opening,
9.25; width of an torbital foramen, 6X4; length of incisor row to tip
of nasals, 14.25. Type in United States National Museum.
Mustela vison vulgivaga Bangs.
Mustela (Lutreola) vulgivaga Bangs, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XXVI, 1895, p. 539-
Type locality. Burbridge, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana.
Mustela vison nesolestes (Heller).
Lutreola vison nesolestes Heller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, 1909,
P- 259.
Type locality. Windfall Harbor, Admiralty Island, Alaska.
1 According to Hardy (Forest and Stream, 61, 1903, p. 125) this animal became
extinct about 1860.
MUSTELA. 141
Mustela vison letif era Hollister.
Mustela vison letif era Hollister, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 44, 1913,
P- 475-
Type locality. Elk River, Minnesota.
Genl. Char. Like M. i). lacustris, but smaller and paler.
Color. Reddish mink-brown, paler beneath with white spot on
chin and breast; legs and feet slightly darker; tail blackish mink-
brown. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 660. Skull: Total length, 69.3;
Occipito-nasal length, 63.6; zygomatic width, 41.5; intertemporal
width, 13.2; length of upper molar series, 17.4; length of mandible,
42.7; length of lower molar series, 20.5. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Mustela primulina Jackson.
Mustela primulina Jacks., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 123.
Type locality. Five miles northeast of Avilla, Jasper County,
Missouri.
Genl. Char. Back darker than M. longicauda or M. spadix.
Color. Upperparts and hind feet Brussels-brown; flanks paler;
fore feet and toes white; top of head and face sepia; chin white;
underparts primuline-yellow, darkest on throat and middle of belly;
anal region Brussels-brown; tail above Brussels-brown, tip black,
beneath paler. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, head and body, 248 (skin); tail
(incomplete), 89.5; hind foot, 44. Skull, broken: Occipito-nasal
length, 46.9; length of nasals, 7.1; length of upper molar series, n.6;
length of mandible, 26.6; length of lower molar series, 13.7. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Mustela campestris Jackson.
Mustela campestris Jacks., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 124.
Type locality. Beemer, Nebraska.
Genl. Char. Similar to, but paler than M . rixosus. Skull narrower
behind orbits, and across braincase and palate; bullse natter.
Color. Head and upperparts Prout's-brown, darkest on face;
toes of both front and hind feet white; tail Prout's-brown, tip black
with some white hairs. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 184; tail, 32; hind foot, 19. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 30; Hensel, 27.1; zygomatic width, 15; inter-
temporal width, 6.2; palatal length, 10.9; length of upper molar series,
142 MUSTELA. LUTRA.
6; length of mandible, 14.4; length of lower molar series, 7.3. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Mustela peninsulas olivacea Howell.
Mustela peninsula olivacea Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 139.
Type locality. Autaugaville, Alabama.
Genl. Char. Like M. peninsula, but paler in winter. Skull with
broad braincase, wide zygomata; inflated bullae and heavy molars.
Color. Summer. Head Vandyke-brown; small white spots be-
tween eyes; upperparts mummy-brown, this color extending over
flanks on to belly; underparts cartridge-buff ; toes of front feet cream
color, those of hind feet whitish; tail like back, tip black.
Winter. Upperparts buffy brown; head darker; white patch
behind eyes; underparts straw-color blotched with cartridge-buff;
toes of fore feet cream-buff, of hind feet whitish; tail buffy brown, tip
black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 420; tail, 140; hind foot, 50. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 49.1; Hensel, 46.1; zygomatic width, 29.3;
intertemporal width, 9; length of nasals, 6; palatal length, 21.6;
length of upper molar series, 11.5; length of mandible, 30; length of
lower molar series, 13.8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Lutrinae.
Genus Lutra (131).
Lutra latidens Allen.
Lutra latidens Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908, p.
660.
Type locality. Lavala, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Color. Head and upperparts snuff-brown; varying in depth of
shade according to the light; flanks paler; outer side of limbs like
back; chin and throat pale fulvous; rest of underparts and inner
side of hind legs pale brown; tail like back. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 1280; tail, 490 (collector). Skull
is broken into small pieces, so general measurements cannot be given.
Length of the molar series, including as usual the premolars, 37.5;
length of lower molar series, 37.5; length of mandible, 72; length of
pms, 16; width at middle, 8; width near posterior border, 7.6. Ex
type in American Museum of Natural History.
LUTRA. 143
Lutra repanda Goldman.
Lutra repanda Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LXIII, 1914, p. 3.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 2000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. colombiana; dental characters different.
Size small; upper molars narrower; upper carnassial narrower; inner
lobe less produced posteriorly.
Color. Upperparts mars-brown; lips whitish, as are also the inner
side of fore legs; rest of underparts grayish brown, with throat, pec-
toral and inguinal regions paler; tail like Upperparts; outer side of
fore legs dark brown; fore feet, hind legs and hind feet paler brown.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1085; tail, 500; hind foot, 119.
Skull: Greatest length, 117.2; Occipito-nasal length, 95.6; Hensel,
95.6; zygomatic width, 72; in tertemporal width, 23.1; mastoid width,
69.9; palatal length, 49.8; length of upper molar series, 28.4; length
of mandible, 66.2; length of lower molar series, 31.2. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
1 Lutra periclyzomae Elliot.
Lutra periclyzoma Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, p. 80.
Type locality. Gawi, west coast of Moresby Island, Queen Char-
lotte Islands, British Columbia.
Color. Head, entire Upperparts and sides of neck dark cinnamon-
brown, changing with the lights, at times brilliant with silvery reflec-
tions; lips, throat and chest warm buff; abdomen and inguinal
region similar to Upperparts but paler; tail, like back, the apical half
with the hairs white-tipped giving this part the appearance of being
frosted. Ex specimen No. 1761 1 in Field Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 122; Hensel, 107; zygomatic
width, 81; intertemporal constriction, 20; width across postorbital
processes, 40; width of rostrum at canines, 30.5; palatal length, 55;
^length of upper tooth row, anterior edge of canine to posterior edge of
last molar, 40; length of nasals, 17.5; total length of mandible, angle
to tip of incisors, 76; length of lower tooth row, anterior edge of canine
to posterior edge of last molar, alveolar border, 46; length of canine,
13; length of lower carnassial, 15. Ex type in Field Museum of
Natural History.
1 This species was originally described from |a skull ; afterwards some skins were
procured, one of which is now described.
144 ODONTOB^NUS. PHOCA.
Family Odontobaenidae.
Genus Odontobaenus (137).
Odontobaenus divergens (Illiger).
Trichechus divergens Illig., Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1815, p. 68.
Trichechus obesus Illig., Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1815, p. 64,
nomen nudum; Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Fauna, F. C. M. Pub., II,
i9OI>P- 358.
Odontobcenus obesus Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and
W. Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 439.
Odobenus divergent Stejn., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
P- 145-
Type locality. Western coast of Arctic Sea.
Geogr. Distr. Coast of northeastern Asia eastward to Alaska.
Mr. Stejneger has shown (/. c.) that Illiger's name obesus for this
species is a nomen nudum, being " without any trace of diagnosis, in-
dication, or literary reference whatever"; but on page 68 of the same
paper he bestows a tenable name, divergens, upon the animal, which
will be the one by which it must hereafter be known.
Family Phocidae.
Subfamily Phocinae.
Genus Phoca (141).
Phoca ochotensis macrodens Allen.
Phoca ochotensis macrodens Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XVI,
1902, p. 483.
Type locality. Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka. Ranges to Point
Barrow, Alaska.
Subgenus Erignathus.
Phoca barbata nautica Pallas.
Phoca nautica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., I, i8n,p. 108.
Erignathus barbatus nauticus Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, No. 24, 1904,
p. 47.
Type locality. Okhotsk Sea.
Geogr. Distr. Okhotsk Sea eastward to coast of Alaska.
This form was placed in the Check-List as a synonym of Phoca
barbata, but lately it has been recognized as a subspecies. Erignathus
has also been employed by some writers as a distinct genus.
Order Insectivora. Insectivores.
Family Soricidae. Shrews.
Genus Sorex (143). Common Shrews.
Sorex obscurus neomexicanus Bailey.
Sorex obscurus neomexicanus Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 133.
Type locality. Cloudcroft, New Mexico, Altitude 9000 feet.
Genl. Char. Larger than S. obscurus, darker in color, less reddish.
Color. Upperparts sepia; underparts brownish. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 118; tail, 45; hind foot, 15. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 16.3; Hensel, 15.3; intertemporal width, 4.2;
width of braincase, 8.8; length of upper tooth row, 7.6; length of
rostrum, 8.5; palatal length, 7; length of mandible, 9.9; length of
lower tooth row, 9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sorex leucogenys Osgood.
Sorex leucogenys Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, p. 52.
Type locality. Mouth of the Canon of Beaver River, about 3
miles from Beaver, Beaver County, Utah.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. merriami but larger; braincase more
elevated; tail shorter than head and body; rostrum thick, heavy;
third unicuspid larger than fourth.
Color. Upperparts pale brownish drab; flanks ecru-drab; chin
and sides of face below eyes and on nose to tip, hairs white to roots;
whiskers white; underparts creamy white; feet white; tail above
brownish drab, tip white, beneath white. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 107; tail, 38; hind foot, 12.5.
Skull: Total length, 17.2; occipito-nasal length, 14.8; Hensel, 13.1;
intertemporal width, 3.7; palatal length, 7; length of nasals, 4.6;
length of upper molar series, 6.8; length of mandible, 8; length of
lower molar series, 4.2. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sorex lagunae Nelson and Goldman.
Sorex laguna Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII,
1909, p. 27.
145
146 SOREX.
Type locality. La Laguna, Sierra Laguna, Lower California, Mex-
ico.
Genl. Char. Like S. ornatus but darker on underparts.
Color. Upperparts dark grayish brown; underparts paler; tail
above blackish, beneath paler; feet dusky. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 98; tail, 41; hind foot, 12.5. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 16.1 ; intertemporal width, 3.5 ; length of palate,
4.9; length of upper molar series, 6.5; length of mandible, 7.7; length
of lower molar series, 4.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sorex calif ornicus jucensis Nelson and Goldman.
Sorex calif ornicus jucensis Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
XXII, 1909, p. 27.
Type locality. Socorro, 1 5 miles south of San Quintin, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Resembles S. californicus, but tail somewhat longer,
feet darker. Skull has the braincase narrower and higher, more
arched; third unicuspid very small, in this respect like S. californicus.
Color. Upperparts mixed smoky brown and grayish; underparts
brownish gray and plumbeous; tail above dusky; beneath grayish,
tip darkest. Ex type in United States National Museum. '
Measurements. Total length, 101; tail, 41; hind foot, 12.5.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 14.7; Hensel, 13.7; intertemporal width,
3.5; length of nasals, 5.5; palatal length, 5.5; length of upper molar
series, 6; length of mandible, 8.8; length of lower molar series, 4.5.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Sorex dispar Batchelder.
Sorex dispar Batchelder, Proc. Bioi. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p. 97.
Sorex macrurus Batchelder, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, 1896, p. 133
(nee Lehmann, 1822); Elliot, Syn, N. Am. Mamm., F. C. M.
Pub. Zool., 1901, p. 364; Id. Check-List N. Am. Mamm., 1905,
P- 443-
Type locality. Adirondack Mountains, New York.
The name macrurus originally given to this species being preoccu-
pied, Batchelder (/. c.) proposes a new one dispar.
Sorex fontinalis Hollister.
Sorex personatus lesueuri Merr., N. Am. Fauna, No. 10, 1895 P-'6i
(Part).
Sorex fontinalis Hollister, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 40, No. 1825, 1911,
P. 378.
SOREX. MICROSOREX. 147
Type locality. Cold Spring Swamp, near Beltsville, Maryland.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail comparatively short.
Color. Upperparts dark sepia, darkest on rump; sides broccoli-
brown.; underparts brownish gray; tail above like back, tip blackish,
beneath pale yellowish brown. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 90; tail, 31; hind foot, 10. Skull:
Total length, 14.8; Hensel, 12.2; inter temporal width, 3.5; breadth of
braincase, 7; palatal length, 5.6; length of upper molar series, 3.4;
length of mandible, 6.9; length of lower molar series, 3.8. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Sorex montereyensis mariposae Grinnell.
Sorex montereyensis mariposa Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool.,
X, 1913, p. 189.
Type locality. Yosemite Valley, 4000 feet altitude, Mariposa
County, California.
Sorex sinuosus Grinnell.
Sorex sinuosus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, 1913, p. 187.
Type locality. Grizzly Island, near Suisun, Solano County, Cali-
fornia.
Sorex halicoetes Grinnell.
Sorex haliccetes Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, 1913, p. 183.
Type locality. Salt Marsh near Palo Alto, Santa Clara County,
California.
Genus Microsorex (144).
Microsorex winnemana Preble.
Microsorex winnemana Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII,
1910, p. 101.
Type locality. Near Stubblefield Falls, Potomac River, Fairfax
County, Virginia.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. hoyi, but smaller; braincase higher and
more round; rostrum shorter.
Color. Head and face grayish brown tinged with ochraceous;
upperparts grayish brown; underparts ashy gray; tail above grayish
brown, beneath silvery gray.
Measurements. Total length, 78; tail, 28; hind foot, 9. Skull:
Greatest length, 13.8; breadth of braincase, 6; palatal length, 2.8;
mastoid width, 6.1; length of upper tooth row, incisors to last molar,
148 BLARINA. CRYPTOTIS.
4.1; length of mandible, 5.3; length of lower tooth row, 4. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Genus Blarina (148).
1 Blarina brevicauda talpoides (Gapper) .
Sorex talpoides Gapper, Zool. Journ., V, 1830, p. 202.
Type locality. Between York and Lake Sincoe, Ontario, Canada.
Genus 2 Crypto tis.
Cryptotis Pomel, Archiv Sci. Phys. et Nat. Geneve, IX, 1848, p. 249.
Type Sorex cinereus Bachman = Sorex par-vus Say.
Cryptotis pergracilis macer Miller.
Cryptotis pergracilis macer Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV,
1911, p. 223.
Type locality. Near Guanajuato City, State of Guanajuato, Mex-
ico.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. pergracilis Elliot, but third upper unicus-
pid larger.
Color. Type in alcohol.
Measurements. Total length, 67.4; tail, 17.4; hind foot, 10.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 13.4; Hensel, 13; zygomatic width, 5;
intertemporal width, 3.5; length of upper tooth row, 7.2; length of
mandible, 8.4; length of lower tooth row, 6.6. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Cryptotis gracilis Miller.
Cryptotis gracilis Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p. 221.
Type locality. Head of Lari River, near base of Pico Blanco,
Talamanca, Costa Rica. Altitude about 6000 feet.
Genl. Char. Size of C. mexicana, skull narrow, elongate.
Color. Upper and lower parts dark smoke gray; washed with
blackish brown on upperparts; under fur slate-gray. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 105; tail, 35; hind foot, 13.6.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 17.9; intertemporal width, 4.9; zygo-
matic width, 5.2; breadth of braincase, 9; length of upper tooth row,
1 Considered in Check-List as a synonym of Blarina brevicauda (Say).
2 In Check-List made a synonym of Blarina, p. 460.
CRYPTOTIS. 149
8.8; length of mandible, 10.4; length of lower tooth row, 7.8. Ex
type in United States National Museum. „
Cryptotis olivaceus (Allen).
Blarina olivaceus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 669.
Type locality. San Rafael de Norte, Nicaragua. Altitude about
5000 feet.
Color. Above grayish brown, changing according to the light
beneath whitish gray; feet whitish; tail above dusky, beneath grayish
white. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 80; tail, 17; hind foot, 10. Skull:
Broken, occipital region wanting; length of upper tooth row, 6.6;
length of mandible, 8.8. Ex type in American Museum of Natural
History.
Cryptotis frontalis Miller.
Cryptotis frontalis Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p.
222.
Type locality. Near City of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Type in
United States National Museum.
Gent. Char. Like C. mexicana, but skull more robust; teeth larger,
the inner tubercles of upper unicuspids less developed.
Color. Type in alcohol.
Measurements. Total length, 93 ; tail, 27; hind foot, 12.2. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 18.2; Hensel, 16.6; zygomatic width, 6.2;
intertemporal width, 5.3; breadth of braincase, 10.2; length of man-
dible, 10.6; length of upper tooth row, 7.6; length of lower tooth row,
8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Cryptotis merus Goldman.
Cryptotis merus Goldman, Smith. Misc. Coll. LX, 1912, p. 17.
Type locality. Near head of Rio Limon, Mount Pirri, eastern
Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. orophila but smaller; darker in color.
Color. Entire pelage above and beneath uniform black; feet
dusky; tail black all around. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 98; tail, 31; hind foot, 12.5. Skull:
Total length, 19.1; zygomatic width, 6.5; breadth of braincase, 9.3;
intertemporal width, 4.7; length of upper tooth row, 8.8; length of
mandible, 9.6; length of lower tooth row, 5.7. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
150 SCALOPUS.
Family Talpidae.
Subfamily Scalopinae.
Genus Scalopus.
Scalopus aquaticus machrinoides Jackson.
Scalopus aquaticus machrinoides Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 19.
Type locality. Manhattan, Kansas.
Genl. Char. Size large, similar to S. a. machrinus but grayer in
color.
Color. Entire upperparts clove-brown, paler on face, wrists and
underparts; ventral portion washed with raw-umber. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 36.9; zygomatic
width, 17.4; intertemporal width, 8.0; length of nasals, 14.2; length
of upper tooth row, 12.1; length of mandible, 22.8; length of lower
tooth row, 12.0. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Scalopus aquaticus pulcher Jackson.
Scalopus aquaticus pulcher Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 20.
Type locality. Delight, Arkansas.
Genl. Char. Hind foot and skull larger than S. aquaticus with
wider supraoccipital.
Color. Top of head mummy-brown; nose cinnamon-brown;
upperparts dark fuscous, hairs tipped with pearl-gray; underparts
sepia, base of fur plumbeous. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 164; tail, 25; hind foot, 22. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 35.9; Hensel, 29.4; zygomatic width, 15.7;
intertemporal width, 7.7; palatal length, 14.6; length of nasals, 12.3;
length of upper tooth row, n.i; length of mandible, 22.2; length of
lower tooth row, n.o. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Scalopus aquaticus caryi Jackson.
Scalopus aquaticus caryi Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
•1914, p. 20.
Type locality. Neligh, Nebraska.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. a. intermedius, but paler in color, and
SCALOPUS. 151
nose and wrists lacking the ochraceous suffusion; skull shorter and
broader.
Color. Upperparts pale drab, lighter on head; nose ivory color;
underparts pale drab and neutral gray mixed, with a wash of Sac-
cardo's cinnamon-brown. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 160; tail, 31.5; hind foot, 22.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 34.9; Hensel, 29.9; zygomatic width,
16.3; intertemporal width, 8.2; length of nasals, 10.7; length of upper
tooth row, n.i; length of mandible, 22.4; length of lower tooth row,
10.9. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Scalopus inflatus Jackson.
Scalopus inflatus Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
p. 21.
Type locality. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, 45 miles from Browns-
ville, Texas.
Genl. Char. Larger than S. a. texensis, and less ochraceous in
color. Skull high, arched; rostrum broad; zygomatic arch heavy;
outer groove pronounced in third upper premolar, first lower premolar
small.
Color. Cheeks ochraceous; upperparts wood-brown and drab;
underparts similar but mixed more conspicuously with mouse-gray.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Imperfect, posterior portion of braincase
and the basioccipital lacking. Palatilar length, 13.4; mastoid width,
17.0; intertemporal width, 7.1; length of upper tooth row, n.i;
length of mandible, 20; length of lower tooth row, n.o. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Scalopus aquaticus howelli Jackson.
Scalopus aquaticus howelli Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 19.
Type locality. Autaugaville, Alabama.
Genl. Char. Size intermediate between S. aquaticus and S. a.
australis, but paler; skull flat, rostrum long and narrow.
Color. Head and nape buffy brown; rest of upperparts dark
drab; underparts like back but tinged with tawny olive. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 152; tail, 20; hind foot, 18. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 32.7; Hensel, 26.9; zygomatic width, 15.2;
intertemporal width, 7.4; length of nasals, 12; length of upper tooth
row, 10.2; length of mandible, 20.5; length of lower tooth row, 10.1.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
152 SCAPANUS.
Genus Scapanus (151).
Scapanus latimanus (Bachman).
Scalops latimanus Bachm., Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, 1842,
P- 34-
Scalops calif ornicus Ayres, Calif. Acad. Sci., I, 1855, p. 53.
Scapanus townsendi Peters (nee Bachm.), Monatsb. K. Akad. Wiss.
Berlin, 1863, p. 656.
Scapanus dilatus True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XVII, 1894, p. 242.
Scapanus calif ornicus True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896,
p. 52; Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., F. C. M. Pub., II, 1901,
p. 392, Zool. Ser.
Scapanus latimanus Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907,
P- 52.
Type locality. Monterey, Santa Clara County, California (see
Osgood).
The type of this species is in the Berlin Museum, transmitted there
by Deppe from Monterey, California. Mr. Osgood examined this
type specimen and was convinced that it was the same as Scalopus cali-
f ornicus Ayres, which indeed it must be, as it is the only species of mole
found in that locality, therefore Ayres's name must become a syno-
nym, and the species be hereafter known as Scapanus latimanus
(Bachman).
Scapanus latimanus occultus Grinnell and Swarth.
Scapanus latimanus occultus Grinnell and Swarth, Univ Calif.
Publ. Zool., X, 1912, p. 131.
Type locality. Santa Anna Canon, altitude 400 feet, Orange
County, California.
Color. Pale brown with strong yellowish sheen above and beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 150; tail, 33; hind foot, 18. Skull:
Total length, 31.5; Hensel, 25.6; zygomatic width, 12.3; intertempo-
ral width, 7.1; length of nasals, 9; length of mandible, 19.4; length
of upper molar series, 12.6; length of lower molar series, 10.9. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Scapanus latimanus sericatus Jackson.
Scapanus latimanus sericatus Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 55-
Type locality. Yosemite, Mariposa County, California.
Gent. Char. Smaller and* grayer than S. latimanus.
SCAPANUS. 153
Color. Upperparts olive-brown; underparts dark mouse-gray.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 165; tail, 36; hind foot, 21. Skull:
Greatest length, 34.3; Hensel, 29; zygomatic width, 12.9; inter-
temporal width, 7.2; mastoid width, 16.2; length of upper molar
series, 13.2; length of mandible, 19; length of lower molar series, 13.1.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Scapanus latimanus grinnelli Jackson.
Scapanus latimanus grinnelli Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 56.
Type locality. Independence, Inyo County, California.
Genl.Char. Size small; skull short, elevated; rostrum short, wide.
Color. Upperparts fuscous; underparts grayish; throat and chest
stained with Dresden-brown. Ex type in Museum of Vertebrate Zool-
ogy, University of California.
Measurements. Total length, 156; tail, 31; hind foot, 21. Skull:
Greatest length, 33; Hensel, 26.5; zygomatic width, 14.5; inter-
temporal width, 7.8; palatal length, 13.1; mastoid width, 17; length
of upper molar series, 12.7; length of mandible, 21.3; length of lower
molar series, 11.4. Ex type in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
University of California.
Order Chiroptera. Bats.
Family Vespertilionidae. Common Bats.
Subfamily Vespertilioninae.
Genus Myotis. (155).
Myotis grisescens Howell.
Myotis grisescens Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909,
p. 46.
Type locality. Nickajack Cave, near Shellmound, Marion County,
Tennessee.
Geogr. Distr. Indiana, Tennessee, and Missouri.
Gent. Char. Nearest M. velifer, but darker; wings attached to the
feet near ankle joint.
Color. Upperparts from dark mouse-gray to dark hair-brown;
underparts, hairs at tips pale smoky gray, mouse-gray basally; flanks
and lower part of abdomen whitish; membrane, ears and feet black.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 14.1; Hensel, n.8;
zygomatic width, n; intertemporal width, 4.2; length of upper molar
series, 3.9; length of mandible, 11.3; length of lower molar series, 5.9.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Myotis carissima Thomas.
Myotis carissima Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, XIIIr
1904, P- 383-
Type locality. Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone Park, Wyoming.
Myotis baileyi Hollister.
Myotis baileyi Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, p. 44.
Type locality. Base of White Mountains, near Ruidoso, Lincoln
County, New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like M. velifer but smaller; tragus broad, pointed;
wing from base of toes; forearm shorter.
Color. Upperparts sepia; underparts smoke-gray; ears, face
and wings black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 72.6; tail, 27.8; foot (skin), 9.1:
forearm, 40.3; ear, 14.9; tragus, 6.5; thumb, 6.4. Skull: Total
154
MYOTIS. 155
length, 14.6; zygomatic width, 10 ; intertemporal width, 4.1; breadth
of braincase, 7.8; length of upper tooth row, 6.1; length of mandible,
1 1. 6; length of lower tooth row, 6.2. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Myotis occultus Hollister.
Myotis occultus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., XXII, 1909, p. 43.
Type locality. West side of Colorado River, 10 miles above Needles,
San Bernardino County, California.
Genl. Char. Resembles M. .peninsularis but smaller; forearm
shorter; tragus shorter, tip blunt.
Color. Upperparts glossy Prout's-brown, tinged with cinnamon;
underparts paler, buff- tinged; ears and wings brown. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 96; tail, 40; foot, 10.5; tibia, 14;
tragus, 6.5; thumb, 6. Skull: Total length, 15.3; zygomatic width,
9.5; intertemporal width, 4; length of upper tooth row, 5.9; length of
mandible, n.8; length of lower tooth row, 5.8. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Myotis pernox Hollister.
Myotis pernox Hollister, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, 1911, p. 4.
Type locality. Henry House, Alberta, Canada.
Genl. Char. Colors dark; braincase inflated.
Color. Upperparts dark brown, under fur black; border around
base of interfemoral membrane burnt-umber; underparts dark drab-
brown; ears and membranes, blackish. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 88.5; tail, 39.5; foot, 9.5; forearm,
36.5; ear, 13; tragus, 6.7; thumb and claw, 5.7; tibia, 17. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 13.3; Hensel, • 1 1 . 2 ; zygomatic width, 9.6;
intertemporal width, 4.4; width of braincase, 8; length of upper molar
series, 3.6; length of mandible, n; length of lower molar series, 5.3.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Myotis altifrons Hollister.
Myotis altifrons Hollister, Smith. Misc. Coll., LVI, 1911, p. 3.
Type locality. Henry House, Alberta, Canada.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. lucifugus but foot larger.
Color. Upperparts bistre, underparts dark Isabella color; ears and
membranes blackish. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 92; tail, 39; foot, n; forearm, 37;
ear, 12.5; tragus, 7.6; tibia, 16.7. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 12.8;
156 MYOTIS.
Hensel, 10.5; zygomatic width, 8.5; interorbital width, 4.1; width of
braincase, 8; length of upper tooth row, ex canine, 3.8; length of
mandible, 15; length of lower tooth row, ex canine, 5.1. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
This form differs from M . lucifugus mainly in the skull which is
larger and the braincase flattened.
Myotis capitaneus Nelson and Goldman.
My otis capitaneus Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 28.
Type locality. San Jorge, 30 miles southwest of Comondu, Lower
California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Resembles M. californicus, but larger with shorter
and more rounded ears; tragus shorter, no notch above lobe at pos-
terior base.
Color. Upperparts brownish cinnamon; head paler; underparts
pale ochraceous-buff with a brownish tinge; membranes brown. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 92; tail, 42; forearm, 33.6; tibia
18.9; foot, 7.4; thumb, 5.8. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, n,
Hensel, 9.7; zygomatic width, 7.9; intertemporal width, 3.8; length
of upper molar series, 3.9; length of mandible, 7.8; length of lower
molar series, 4.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Myotis micronyx Nelson and Goldman.
Myotis micronyx Nels. and Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXII, 1909, p. 28.
Type locality. Comondu, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like M. evotus but smaller.
Color. Upperparts and middle of face light golden-cinnamon;
sides of face covered with dusky hairs; underparts gray with a buff
tinge; ears, feet and membranes black. Ex type in United States
National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 90; tail, 42; forearm, 35.8; tibia,
18.2; foot, 7.9; thumb, 5.7; ear, 14.6. Skull: Occipito-nasal length,
4.4; Hensel, 11.4; zygomatic width, 14.3; width of braincase, 7.2;
intertemporal width, 3.8; palatal length, 7.3; length of upper molar
series, 4.1; length of mandible, 11.2; length of lower molar series, 6.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Myotis winnemana Nelson.
Myotis winnemana Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 183.
Type locality. Plummers Island, Maryland.
MYOTIS. PIZONYX. EPTESICUS. 157
*
Geogr. Distr. Brandon, Vermont, and Plummers Island, Maryland.
Genl. Char. Like M. lucifugus, but forearm shorter and muzzle
black. Skull small, flattened.
Color. Upperparts dark chestnut-brown, tinged with golden;
underparts dull grayish brown; muzzle and sides of head blackish.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 82; tail, 39; hind foot, 8; forearm,
30.5; extent of wing, 225. Skull: Basal length, 10.4; width of brain-
case, 6.8; zygomatic width, 8.2; intertemporal width, 3.6; length of
upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 9.3; length of lower molar
series, 4.3. Ex type in United States National Museum.
My otis yumanensis (H. Allen).
Vespertilio yumanensis H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1864, p. 58;
Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Con. and West Indies,
F. C. M. Pub. VI, 1905, p. 475-
Vespertilio obscurus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila., 1866, p. 231.
Type locality. Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
In North American Fauna, No. 13, 1897, p. 69 Mr. G. S. Miller
Jr., assigned Vespertilio obscurus H. Allen to the synonymy of My otis
calif or nicus Aud. and Bach., and it has remained there ever since.
The specimen was in alcohol and lately by the removal of the skull,
Mr. E. A. Goldman (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914, p. 102)
states that on comparison with the skull of M . yumanensis they prove
to be specifically identical and therefore in future the. position of V.
obscurus H. Allen, will be given as above.
Genus Pizonyx.
Pizonyx Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 85.
A genus created for the single species My otis vivesi Menegaux.
No. 1148, Check-List.
Characters. "Like My otis but with foot (claws included) as long
as tibia, the toes and claws so greatly compressed that width of claw
is only about one-eighth the height at base; wing with large glandular
mass near middle of forearm."
Type. Myotis vivesi Menegaux, the only known species.
Genus. Eptesicus.
Eptesicus fuscus pallidus Young.
Eptesicus pallidus Young, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908, p. 408.
Type locality. Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado.
158 B^ODON. SACCOPTERYX. RHYNCHISCUS.
Genus Baeodon.
Baeodon alleni (Thomas).
Rhogeessa alleni Thomas, see Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am.
Cont. and West Indies, F. C. M. Pub., VI, 1905, p. 489.
Bceodon Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 85.
Genus created for Rhogeessa (!) alleni Thomas, No. 1176, Check-
List.
"Like Rhogeessa (!) but with reduction of outer lower incisor car-
ried so far that the tooth has become a mere functionless spicule less
than one-twentieth as large as first or second incisor, nearly concealed
beneath cingulum of canine."
Bceodon alleni is the only known species.
Family l Emballonuridae.
Subfamily Emballonurinae.
Genus Saccopteryx (167).
Saccopteryx bilineata centralis Thomas.
Saccopteryx bilineata centralis Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Ser. 7, XIII, 1904, p. 251.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico to Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Like S. bilineata but smaller.
Color. Like S. bilineata.
Measurements. Total length, 64; tail, 14; leg and foot, 30.5;
calcar, 18.5; forearm, 47. Skull: Greatest length, 15.6; basal length,
12; greatest breadth, 10.4; interorbital breadth, 4.2; breadth of
braincase, 8; palatal length, 5.4; length of upper tooth row, including
canine, 6.5; lower tooth row, 6.8.
Genus Rhynchiscus.
Rhynchiscus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, p. 65.
Proposed in place of Rhynchonycteris Peters, 1867, nee Rhin-
chonycteris (!) Tschudi, 1844-45. Type Vespertilio naso Wied.
1 For including Saccopteryx, Rhynchiscus and Balantiopteryx in this family, see
Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 57, 1907, pp. 85, 86, 87, 89, 92.
RHYNCHISCUS. BALANTIOPTERYX. 159
Rhynchiscus naso (Wied), see Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am.
Cont. and West Indies, 1905, No. 1181, p. 492.
Rhynchiscus naso priscus G. M. Allen.
Rhynchiscus naso priscus G. M. Allen, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXVII, 1914, p. 109.
Type locality. Xcopen, Quintana Roo, southern Mexico.
Gent. Char. Similar to R. naso, but shorter forearm; smaller skull,
with a conspicuous cingulum cusp anteriorly and posteriorly on ante-
rior upper premolar.
Color. Top and sides of head and upperparts of body mixed black
and mummy-brown, hairs tipped with white; these forming a broken
whitish band on lower back; underparts dull whitish, washed with
buffy on the belly, hairs slaty at their base; a patch of white at the
base of forearm internally; femora, tibiae, free portion of the tail and
proximal half of the interfemoral membrane amber-brown; on fore-
arm externally on border of proximal third is a rusty line, beyond
which are four small whitish and buff tufts. A small whitish tuft
at base of each ear. Type in Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass.
Measurements. Forearm, 38.5. Skull: Greatest length, 12;
zygomatic width, 7.2; intertemporal width, 2.3; mastoid width,
6.5; length of upper tooth row, 4.6,- length of mandible, ; length
of lower tooth row, 4.8. Type in Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass.
Genus Balantiopteryx. (168).
Balantiopteryx io Thomas.
Balantiopteryx io Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., XIII,
1904, p. 252.
Type locality. River Dolores, near Coban, Guatemala. Type
in British Museum.
Gent. Char. Size very small; tragus slender, tip rounded; lobule
opposite base of inner margin, and another higher up. Wing-sacs in
center of membrane; wings attached to distal end of tibia; calcar
slender, not reaching the knee; base of interfemoral membrane hairy.
Color. Above and beneath, and membranes, dark brown; no
white edgings to wings.
Measurements. Total length, 52; tail, 12; ear, 12; tragus, 3;
thumb, 5.6; third finger, metacarpal, 31.5; fifth finger, metacarpal, 36;
tibia, 14; leg and foot, 22; calcar, 10.5. Skull: Greatest length, 12.3;
basal length, 8.7; zygomatic breadth, 8.8; across muzzle, 6; mastoid
breadth, 7.6; palatal length, 3.3.
160 PEROPTERYX. CENTRONYCTERIS. DIRIAS.
Genus Peropteryx.
Peropteryx canina phaea G. M. Allen.
Peropteryx canina phcea G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LIV,
1911, p. 222.
Type locality. Point Saline, Grenada, Lesser Antilles.
Genus. Centronycteris.
Centronycteris centralis Thomas.
Centronycteris centralis Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser, 8, X,
1912, p. 638.
Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama.
Family Noctilionidae.
Genus Dirias.
Dirias Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1904, p. 84. Type
Noctilio albiv enter Spix.
Dirias minor Osgood.
Dirias minor Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., 149, X, 1910,
p. 30; Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912, p. 93.
Type locality. Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela. Ranges to Pan-
ama, having been taken at Empire, Canal Zone, Feb. 16, 1912.
Genl. Char. Allied to D. albiventer but smaller.
Color. Alcoholic. Upperparts pale Prout's-brown; a whitish
median line from interscapular region to tail; underparts tawny olive;
membrane pale Prout's brown. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural
History.
Measurements. Total length, 79; tail, 12; ear, 20.5; forearm,
58.4; thumb, 10; tibia, 21.5; calcar, 30.5; foot and claws, 15.6.
Skull: Total length, 18.5; zygomatic width, 14.6; intertemporal
width, 5.6; length of upper molar series, 6; length of mandible, 12.7;
length of lower molar series, 6.8. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural
History.
MOLOSSUS. 161
•
Family Molossidae.
Genus Molossus (172).
Molossus sinaloae Allen.
Molossus sinalocR Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII, 1906,
p. 236.
Type locality. Escuinapa, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Color . Entire upperparts dull brown, approaching mummy-brown ;
underparts buffy brown; membranes and ears dark brown. Ex type
in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 1 08; tail, 38; forearm, 43.3; finger,
84; thumb, 6; foot, 16. Skull: Total length, 20; Hensel, 14.2;
occipito-nasal, 16.4; zygomatic width, 12; intertemporal width, 4;
width of braincase, 10; length of upper molar series, 6.6; length of
mandible, 13.1 ; length of lower molar series, 6.7. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Molossus verrilli Allen.
Molossus verrilli Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 581.
Type locality. Samana, San Domingo.
Color. Upperpart sepia; underparts paler; membranes and ears
blackish. Ex type in American Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 85; tail, 25 (skin); forearm, 40;
3d metacarpal 41. Skull: Total length, 16.7; Hensel (broken);
zygomatic width, 10; width of braincase, 8.8; length of upper molar
series, 4.6; length of mandible, n; length of lower molar series, 5.2.
Ex type in American IVfuseum of Natural History.
Molossus debilis Miller.
Molossus debilis Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46, 1913, p. 90.
Type locality. St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 15; occipito-nasal length,
13.2; zygomatic width, 8; intertemporal width, 3.2; length of upper
molar series, 4.4; length of mandible, 10.4; length of lower molar
series, 5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Molossus fortis Miller.
Molossus fortis Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46, 1913, p. 89.
Type locality. Luquillo, Porto Rico.
162 MOLOSSOPS. MORMOPTERUS. EUMOPS.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 17; occipito-nasal length,
14.8; Hensel, 13.2; zygomatic width, ; intertemporal width, ;
length of upper molar series, 4.9; length of mandible, 12.7; length of
lower molar series, 3.8. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Molossops Peters.
Molossops Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1865,
p. 575. Type Molossus temminckii Burmeister.
Molossops planirostris (Peters).
Molossus planirostris Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berlin, 1865, p. 575.
Type locality. British Guiana.
Geogr. Distr. British Guiana north to Panama.
Genus Mormopterus.
Mormopterus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
1865, p. 258. Type Nyctinomus jugularis Peters.
Mormopterus minutus (Miller).
Nyctinomus minutus Miller, see Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am.
Cont. and West Indies, 1905, p. 500.
Eight species are recognized in this genus, but the one described
by Miller as cited is the only representative in North America, and
until transferred by Miller (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1907, p. 253)
was always included in Nyctinomus.
Genus Eumops.
Eumops Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 85. Type
Molossus californicus Merriam.
Genus created to contain the following species of the North Ameri-
can Fauna.
Dysopes abrasus Temm., Mon. Mamm., I, 1827, p. 232; Elliot,
Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and West Indies, 1905, No.
1193, p. 497.
Dysopes glaucinus Wagner, Archiv. fur Nat., Pt. i, 1843, P- 368J
Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and West Indies,
1905, No. 1195, P- 497-
CHILONYCTERIS. XENOCTENES. 163
Molossus californicus Merriam, N. Am. Fauna, 1890, p. 31; Elliot,
Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and West Indies, 1905, No.
1197, p. 498.
Promops nanus Miller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. VI, yth Ser.,
1900, p. 470; Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and
West Indies, 1905, No. 1196, p. 498.
Nyctinomus orthotis H. Allen, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XXVI, 1889,
p. 561; Elliot, Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and West
Indies, 1905, No. 1194, p. 497.
Characters. "Like Molossus but skull slender, with hour-glass
shaped or nearly cylindrical interorbital region and no distinct sagit-
tal crest; palate slightly arched but not domed; upper incisor with
slender, curved shaft higher than length of crown; lower incisors
2-2; upper premolars, 2-2, the small tooth (pm2) normally well
formed and not deciduous; first and second upper molars with well
developed hypocone." (Miller, /. c.).
Species: E. abrasus (Temminck); E. californicus (Merriam);
E. nanus (Miller); E. glaucinus (Wagner); E. orthotis (Allen), all
North American; E. maurus (Thomas); E. perotis (Wied), and E.
trumbulli (Thomas) ex South America.
Family Phyllostomidae.
Subfamily Chilonycterinae.
Genus Chilonycteris.
Chilonycteris parnellii (Gray).
Phyllodia parnellii Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843, P- 5°-
Type locality. Island of Jamaica, West Indies.
Subfamily Phyllostominae.
Genus Xenoctenes.
Xenoctenes Miller, Fam. and Gen. of Bats, 1907, p. 124. Type
Schistoma hirsutum Peters.
A new genus proposed by Miller for Peters's species given above,
the only member of the genus known.
"Externally similar to Micronycteris., but with connecting band of
ears very low. Skull and teeth as in Micronycteris, except that the
incisors both above and below are notably peculiar."
164 DOLICHOPHYLLUM. MIMON.
Genus Dolichophyllum.
Macrophyllum Gray, in Jard., Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, 1838, p. 489
(nee Hope, Coleopt. 1837).
Dolichophyllum Lydekker, Flower and Lydekker, Mamm. Living
and Extinct, 1891, p. 673. Type Macrophyllum neuwiedii
Gray.
Dolichophyllum macrophyllum (Wied).
Phyllostoma macrophyllum Wied, Beitr. zur Naturg. Bras. II, 1825,
p. 188.
Macrophyllum macrophyllum Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV,
1912, p. 93.
Type locality. Mucure River, Minas Geraes, Brazil (Ranges to
Panama) .
Genus Mimon.
Mimon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. I4-
This genus is accepted by Miller (List of N. Am. Land Mammals
in U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. Smith. Inst., No. 79, 1912, p. 37), for Phyl-
lostoma bennettii Gray, its only known species.
This species of Gray does not, however, come within the bounda-
ries of North America, but is apparently restricted to Brazil, an assumed
typical example having been procured at Ypanema, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(see Goldman, Proc. Biol, Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914, p. 75). The
genus, however, is represented in North America by the following
species:
Mimon cozumelae Goldman.
Mimon cozumelce Goldm., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
P- 75-
Type locality. Cozumel Island, east coast of Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. bennettii but paler; skull smaller.
Color. Head and upperparts sayal-brown; underparts wood-
brown; outer side of forearm covered with sayal-brown fur. Type
in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Length of forearm, 58; tibia, 22.3; foot, 14.9.
Skull: Broader and more massive than M. bennettii] greatest length,
26; zygomatic width, 14.3; width of palate, behind last molars, 2.8.
Type in United States National Museum.
CHROTOPTERUS. PHYLLOSTOMA. 165
Genus Chrotopterus (186).
Chrotopterus auritus (Peters).
Vampyrus auritus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
1856, p. 415, pi. n, figs. 1-5.
Peters's Vampire Bat.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Smaller than C. spectrum; ears large; outer incisors
very small; lower incisors chisel-shape, indistinctly notched; first
and second upper premolar very small.
Color. Above, hairs dark brown at their bases, and whitish at their
tips; beneath grayish brown, the hairs darkest in the middle.
Measurements. Total length, 106.6; ear, 40.6; tragus, 11.4;
nose-leaf, 16.4; forearm, 85; tibia, 36.2; foot, 25.
Genus Phyllostoma (191).
Phyllostoma verrucossum Elliot.
Phyllostoma verrucossum Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII,
1905, P- 236.
Type locality. Niltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr.
Genl. Char. Size small: V-shaped groove on lower lip margined
with eleven to thirteen warts; ears as in the genus; calcar shorter
than foot. Skull compared with that of P. hastatum is relatively
broader interorbitally and the rostrum narrower anteriorly, while the
upper occipital outline is continuous.
Color. Fore part of head above and face from ears to end of nose
dark -fawn becoming brownish around eyes; band from behind ears
and over the center of the back dark russet; back of head and nape
very dark mummy-brown; chin, throat and breast whitish buff; rest
of underparts olive-gray with a pinkish tinge on the sides; ears, mem-
branes, feet and tail, blackish brown. In some specimens the throat
is ochraceous-buff. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 105; tail vertebras, 15; foot, 17.5;
ear, 20; forearm, 52.25. Skull: Total length, 32; Hensel, 22; zygo-
matic width, 17; palatal length, 13; length of nasals, 4; length of
upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 20; length of lower molar
series, 9. Ex type in Field Museum of Natural History.
166 HEMIDERMA. GLOSSOPHAGA.
Subfamily Hemiderminae.
Genus Hemiderma.
Hemiderma subrufum Hahn.
Hemiderma subrufum Hahn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905,
p. 247.
Type locality. Southern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; skull short with a high, rounded brain-
case; teeth small, tooth rows divergent.
Color. Uniform dark reddish brown on entire upperparts, hairs
whitish at base, then a buffy whitish band followed by a reddish
Prout's-brown one and tips whitish; underparts similar but duller;
membranes brownish, the interfemoral membrane sparsely furred at
base. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Forearm, 39; hind foot, 13; calcar, 7; ear from
base, 16; length of middle finger, 30.9. Skull: Occipito-nasal length,
19.6; Hensel, 13.3; zygomatic width, n.6; intertemporal width, 5;
length of upper tooth row, 7; length of mandible, 13.7; length of
lower tooth row, 7.4. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Glossophaginae.
Genus Glossophaga (193).
Glossophaga longirostris rostrata Miller.
Glossophaga rostrata Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913, p.
32 (July).
Glossophaga longirostris rostrata Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46,
1913, p. 423 (December).
Type locality. Westerhall estate, Grenada, Lesser Antilles.
Genl. Char. Resembles G. longirostris Miller- but less dark; teeth
different, m1 and m2 with deeper emargination, causing a sharper defini-
tion of the posterior-external prolongation of the crown, making the
general outline, bounded on outer side by paracone and point of meta-
cone, and on inner side by protocone and its commissure, almost square.
Color. Upperparts rood's-brown; base of fur white; beneath
paler; membrane pale, almost a whitish brown where extended; feet
blackish, ears pale rood's-brown. Ex type in United States National
Museum.
GLOSSOPHAGA. LONCHOPHYLLA. 167
Measurements. Forearm, 37.4; thumb, 9.6; third finger, 82; tibia,
15; fifth finger, 53; foot, 10.6. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 21;
Hensel, 18.2; zygomatic width, 10; intertemporal width, 4.8; mas-
toid breadth, 9.6; width of braincase, 9; length of upper molar series,
6.5; length of mandible, 14.8; length of lower molar series, 7.6. Ex
type in United States National Museum.
Glossophaga soricina leachii (Gray) .
Monophyllus leachii Gray, Voy. Sulphur, I, 1844, p. 18.
Glossophaga leachii Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46, 1913, p. 419.
Type locality. Realejo, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Central Mexico to Panama.
Genl. Char. Like G. soricina, but skull longer.
Color. Like that of G. soricina.
1 Measurements. Total length, 54, Tepic, Mexico to 62, Panama;
tail, 6-1 1 ; tibia, 13.4-15.6; foot, 8.4-11.4; forearm, 33-37.6; third
finger, 70.76; ear, 14-15.4; Skull: Condylo-basal length, 19.8-21;
breadth of rostrum, 4.2-5; breadth of braincase, 8.6-9; length of
mandible, 13.4-14.6; length of upper tooth row, 7-7.8; length of
lower tooth row, 7.6-8.2.
This form was placed among the synonyms of G. soricina in the
Check-List; Miller, however, in a later paper (I. c.) has raised it to
subspecific rank, based solely on the somewhat longer skull.
Genus Lonchophylla.
Lonchophylla Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, XII, 1903,
p. 458. Type Lonchophylla mordax Thomas.
Lonchophylla robusta Miller.
Lonchophylla robusta Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LXII, 1912,
p. 23.
Type locality. Cave on Chilibrillo River, Panama.
Lonchophylla concava Goldman.
Lonchophylla concava Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LXIII, 1914, p. 2.
Type locality. Cana, eastern Panama. Altitude 2000 feet.
Genl. Char. Darker than L. mordax, and cranial characters differ-
ent. Braincase larger; angle of mandible longer; incisors larger;
second upper premolar narrower, internal lobe reduced; crows of
molar more quadrate.
From Miller's Revision of the Genus Glossophaga.
168 CH,ERONYCTERIS. BRACHYPHYLLA. ARTIBEUS.
Color. Upperparts warm sepia; underparts paler; membranes
black. Ex type in United States National Museum,
Measurements. Total length, 68; tail, 10; tibia, 12.7; foot, n;
forearm, 33.9. Skull: Greatest length, 23.4; Hensel, 19.5; inter-
temporal width, 4.6; palatal length, 12; length of nasals, 5.7; length
of upper molar series, 6.3; length of mandible, 16.8; length of lower
molar series, 7.1. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Chseronycteris.
Chaeronycteris godmani Thomas.
Cheer onycteris godmani Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
XI, 1903, p. 288.
Type locality. Guatemala.
Subfamily Sternoderminae.
Genus Brachyphylla (202).
Brachyphylla minor Miller.
Brachyphylla minor Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913,
p. 32.
Type locality. Coles Cave, St. Thomas Parish, Barbados, Lesser
Antilles.
Genl. Char. Like B. cavernarum Gray, but skull smaller and area
of check-teeth reduced.
Color.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 78; forearm, 61.5;
thumb, 15; third finger, 105; fifth finger, 80; tibia, 25; foot, 17.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 26.2; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 16;
intertemporal width, 6.2; breadth of braincase, 12; length of upper
molar series, 8.4; length of mandible, 19.8; length of lower molar
series, 9.6. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Artibeus (203).
Artibeus jamaicensis richardsoni Allen.
Artibeus jamaicensis richardsoni Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
XXIV, 1908, p. 669.
Type locality. Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
ARTIBEUS. 169
Color. Above on entire upperparts Prout's-brown; beneath gray-
ish brown; membranes dark brown. Ex type in American Museum
of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 87 (skin); forearm, 53.3; meta-
carpal, 50; tibia, 20. Skull: Total length, 29; Hensel, 21.6; zygo-
matic width, 17; intertemporal width, 7.4; length of nasals, 5.3;
mastoid width, 15; length of upper molar series, 8.7; length of man-
dible, 18.7; length of lower molar series, 9.3. Ex type in American
Museum of Natural History.
Artibeus jamaicensis praeceps Andersen.
Artibeus j amaicensis prceceps Andersen, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
7th Ser., XVIII, 1906, p. 421.
Type locality. Guadeloupe Island, Lesser Antilles.
Geogr. Dist. Islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica.
Artibeus aztecus Andersen.
Artibeus aztecus Andersen, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
XVIII, 1906, p. 422.
Type locality. Tetela del Volcan, State of Morelos, Mexico.
Color. Head and upperparts blackish brown; beneath olive-brown,
feet dark brown; ears and membranes blackish. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 22.3; occipito-nasal length,
19.8; palatal length, 10.1; length of upper molar series, 6.3; length of
mandible, 14.1; length of lower molar series, 6.2. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Artibeus turpis Andersen.
Artibeus turpis Andersen, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
XVIII, 1906, p. 422.
Type locality. Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.
Artibeus nanus Andersen.
Artibeus nanus Andersen, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
XVIII, 1906, p. 423.
Type locality. Tierra Colorado, Sierra Madre de Sur, Guerrero,
Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Guerrero north of Sinaloa.
Artibeus planirostris grenadensis Andersen.
Artibeus planirostris grenadensis Andersen, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 7th Ser., XVIII, 1906, p. 420.
Type locality. Grenada, Lesser Antilles.
170 ARTIBEUS. VAMPYRODES. VAMPYRESSA.
Artibeus hirsutus Andersen.
Artibeus hirsutus Andersen, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., yth Ser.,
XVIII, 1906, p. 420.
Type locality. La Salada, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Michoacan, Colima, and Jalisco, Mexico.
Color. Top of head and back sepial sides of neck pale buffy
brown; underparts ashy; legs and feet pale brown. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Skull: Total length, 26.8; occipito-nasal length,
23.9; zygomatic width, 16.7; intertemporal width, 7.2; length of
upper molar series, 8.6; length of mandible, 17.3; length of lower
molar series, 8.5. Ex type in United States National Museum.
1 Genus Vampyrodes.
Vampyrodes Thomas, Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., V, 1900,
p. 270. Type Vampyrodes caracciola.
Vampyrodes major G. M. Allen.
Vampyrodes major G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LII, 1908,
p. 38.
Type locality. San Pablo, Panama.
Genus 2Vampyressa.
Vampyressa Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., V, 1900,
p. 270. Type Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner.
Vampyressa minuta Miller.
Vampyressa minuta Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 25.
Type locality. Cabima, Panama.
Genl. Char. Smaller than V. pusilla Peters; teeth peculiar, last
upper premolar with postero-external cusp less developed; first upper
molar with longitudinal diameter through protocone about equal to
length of outer border.
Color. General character of body above and beneath ecru-drab,
washed with broccoli-brown on upperparts; face markings indistinct.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 44; tibia, n; foot, 7.5; forearm,
1 Placed as a synonym of Vampyrops in Check-List, p. 525.
* Placed as a synonym of Vampyrops in Check- List, p. 525.
CHIRODERMA. ARDOPS. 171
31.5; third finger, 70; fifth finger, 46; ear from meatus, 12. Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 18; Hensel, 13.1; zygomatic width, 10: inter-
temporal width, 9.2; width of braincase, 8; length of upper tooth row,
5.6; length of mandible, 11.2; length of lower tooth row, 6. Ex type
in United States National Museum.
Genus Chiroderma (210).
Chiroderma isthmicum Miller.
Chiroderma isthmicum Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912,
p. 25.*
Type locality. Cabima, Panama.
Gent. Char. Similar to C. mllosum Peters; ear narrower with me-
dium stripe ; skull shorter and wider.
Color. Upperparts Isabella color; hairs broccoli-brown on basal
third, remainder light gray washed with ochraceous-bufl, and tips
brown; an inconspicuous white dorsal line; underparts ecru-drab
variegated with brown spots and subterminal rings. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 65; tibia, 17; foot, 10.4; forearm,
45; thumb, 10.5; longest finger, 99; fifth finger, 70; ear from meatus
18. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 24.6; zygomatic width, 15.6; inter-
temporal width, 6.2; width of braincase, 10.4; length of upper molar
series, 8.8; length of mandible, 8.8; length of lower tooth row, 9.2.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Ardops.
Ardops Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 84. Type
Stenoderma nichollsi Thomas.
Ardops haitiensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 1908,
p. 581.
Type locality. Cana Honda, San Domingo.
Color. Entire upperparts grayish brown; underparts whitish
brown; membranes dark brown. Ex type in American Museum of
Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, 54.5; forearm, 39; second finger, 34;
third finger, 80; thumb, 12; tibia, 15.5. Skull: Total length, 19;
Hensel, 13.6; intertemporal width, 5.4; length of upper molar series,
172 ARDOPS. ARITEUS.
4.6; length of mandible, 10.8; length of lower molar series, 5.2. Ex
type in American Museum of Natural History.
Ardops annectens Miller.
Ardops annectens Miller, Proc. Soc. Wash., XXVI, 1913, p. 33.
Type locality. Island of Guadaloupe, Lesser Antilles.
Genl. Char. Intermediate in size between A. montserratensis
Thomas and A. lucia Miller.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 68; forearm, 48.6;
thumb, 15.4; third finger, 114; fifth finger, 78; tibia, 20; foot, 14.6;
ear from meatus, 18. Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 22; Hensel, 16.9;
zygomatic width, 15.4; intertemporal width, 6.1; mastoid width, 13.2;
length of upper molar series, 6.1; length of mandible, 14.6; length of
lower molar series, 6.7. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Genus Ariteus Gray.
Ariteus Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot.,II, 1838, p. 491. Type Istiophorus
flavescens Gray.
Ariteus flavescens (Gray).
Istiophorus flavescens Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 37.
Ariteus flavescens Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., II, 1838, p. 491.
Artibeus achradophilus Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p.
271, pi. vi.
Stenoderma achradophilum Elliot, Mamm. Middle Am. and W.
Indies, F. C. M. Pub., IV, Pt. II, 1904, p. 707, fig. 156, Zool.
Ser. ; Id. Check-List Mamm. N. Am. Cont. and West Indies,
F. C. M. Pub., 1905, p. 527, Zool. Ser.
Ariteus Gray, takes precedence for this species over Stenoderma
Geoffroy, which is now considered to be represented only by the type
S. rufum Geoffroy. The species included in the genus Stenoderma in
the Check-List are now placed in the following genera: S. acradophyl-
lum in Ariteus as a synonym of A. flavescens Gray as given above,
lucia, nichollsi and montserratensis in Ardops, and tolteca 1 in Artibeus;
leaving only rufum to represent Stenoderma.
1 This in the Check-List was made a synonym of Dermanura cinereum Gervais.
EROPHYLLA. 173
Subfamily Phyllonycterinae.
Genus Erophylla.
Erophylla Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 84. Type
Phyllonycteris bombifrons Miller.
Genl. Char. "Like Phyllonycteris but interfemoral membrane
extending to short, though evident, calcar; noseleaf with pointed,
median projection; zygomatic arches complete; and lower molars
with distinct cutting edge."
The species included in this genus by Miller are E. bombifrons
(Miller), E. planifrons (Miller), E. santa-cristobalensis (Elliot) and
E. sezekorni (Gundlach).
Erophylla santa-cristobalensis (Elliot).
Phyllonycteris santa-cristobalensis Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XVIII, 1905, p. 236.
Type locality. San Cristobal, San Domingo, W. I.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type-locality.
Genl. Char. Ear long, rather narrow, tip rounded; tragus broad,
with elongated acute tip; nose-leaf small separated from ridge behind
by a deep groove; wings from above ankle; toes very long. Skull
with elevated, arched braincase, high above rostrum; the latter broad,
swollen; zygomatic arch complete; canines rather large, molars small;
palate broad.
Color. Above Vandyke-brown at tips, rest of hairs white; be-
neath pinkish buff; ears brown; wings black. Ex type in Field
Museum of Natural History.
Measurements. Total length, nose to end of foot, 89; forearm, 45;
thumb, 13; fifth finger, 57; tibia, 20; foot, 14.5 (skin). Skull:
Occipito-nasal length, 21; total length, 23; zygomatic width, n;
height of braincase, 10; length of nasals, 7; width of rostrum, 5;
palatal length, 10; width of palate, 4; length of upper molar series, 7;
length of mandible, 15.
Order Primates.
Family Cebidae. Prehensile-tailed Monkeys.
Subfamily Alouattinae.
Genus Alouatta (217).
Alouatta palliata inconsonans Goldman.
Alouatta palliata inconsonans Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LX, 1913,
No. 22, p. 17.
Type locality. Cerro Azul, near the headwaters of the Chagres
River, Panama. Altitude 2500 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to Alouatta palliata but blacker, and with less
rufous on upperparts; skull with braincase broader, flatter bullae and
narrower premolars.
Color. Upperparts black; dorsum black mixed finely with buff;
chin and limbs black; underparts thinly haired, black; long hairs
from flanks brownish ochraceous; tail black. Ex type in United
States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1.272; tail, 715; foot, 143. Skull:
Greatest length, 123.5; Hensel, 94.6; zygomatic width, 87.2; inter-
temporal width, 12.2; length of nasals, 21.8; palatal length, 46.8;
length of upper molar series, 32.2; length of mandible, 76; length of
lower molar series, 40; width of third upper premolar (crown), 7.7.
Ex type in United States National Museum.
Subfamily Aotinae.
Genus Aotus (218).
Aotus zonalis Goldman.
Aotus zonalis Goldm., Smith. Misc. Coll., LXIII, 1914, p. 6.
Type locality. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama. Altitude 100 feet.
Genl. Char. Like A. griseimembra but not so gray; more buffy,
carnail and dental characters different. Skull with broader braincase;
intertemporal region more depressed; zygomatic arch heavier; bullse
less inflated; mandible and teeth heavier.
Color. Upperparts and limbs wood-brown, suffused with buffy,
174
ATELEUS. 175
the median dorsal region overlaid with russet and black; a median
black line from between eyes to crown; narrow black lateral lines to
occiput; white spots above eyes; sides of neck grayish; underparts
pale ochraceous-buff; tail like upperparts above at base, root black;
beneath chestnut on proximal third, remainder black; hands and feet
black. Ex type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 683; tail, 400; foot, 90. Skull:
Greatest length, 60.9; Hensel, 39.8; zygomatic breadth, 37.5; inter-
temporal width, 5.2; mastoid width., 33.8; length of nasals, 10; pal-
atal length, 31.5; length of upper molar series, 14.8; length of
mandible, 37.3; length of lower molar series, 15.8. Ex type in
United States National Museum.
Subfamily Cebinae.
Genus Ateleus.
Ateleus pan Schlegel.
Ateles (!) pan Schlegel, Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas (Simia) 7,
1876, p. 180.
Ateleus pan Elliot, Rev. Primates, II, 1913, p. 41.
Schlegel's Spider Monkey.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Volcano of Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, into Guate-
mala.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. belzebuth, but the yellowish white on
inner side of arms and legs very restricted; no white on the cheeks.
•Color. Face black; head, shoulders, arms, hands, legs and feet
black or blackish brown; rump brown, hairs tipped with shining
golden; underparts yellow; reddish line on border of flanks; inner
side of arms to elbows and legs to ankles yellowish white ; tail brownish
black. Ex type in Ley den Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1.120; tail, 700; foot, 150. Skull:
Total length, 1.022; interorbital width, 57.1; occipito-nasal length,
99.3; Hensel, 66; zygomatic width, 63.5; median length of nasals,
15.4; palatal length, 27.6; length of upper molar series, 24.3; length of
mandible, 60; length of lower molar series, 27.4. Ex type in Leyden
Museum.
Ateleus tricolor Hollister.
Ateles (!) tricolor Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914,
p. 141.
176 SAIMIRI. CEBUS.
Type locality. Santa Efigenia, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Differs from A. pan, in its lighter upper back and
shoulders; in the yellowish buff rump and flanks, buffy throat, and
yellowish buff stripe on under side of tail. Skull like A. pan; upper
and middle incisor teeth larger.
Color. Forehead, crown and nape black; sides of head mixed buff
and black; upperpart of back with long hairs dark bistre; lower back,
rump, flanks and hips yellowish buff; chin buff and black; throat and
underparts pale yellowish buff; upper arms brownish black; forearms
black; outer side of thighs clay-color, passing through brow to black
above knee; rest of leg to foot black; inner side of legs yellowish buff;
tail above at base blackish brown becoming black at tip, beneath a
stripe of yellowish buff from root for one-third the length, rest black;
hands and feet black. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1150; tail, 710. Skull: Total length,
109; occipito-nasal length, 95.6; zygomatic width, 64.1; palatal
length, 31.9; breadth of braincase, 54.8; length of upper molar
series, 25.4; length of mandible, 63.4; length of lower molar series,
27.2. Type in United States National Museum.
Genus Saimiri (219).
Saimiri oersted! citrinellus Thomas = S. oerstedi.
Saimiri cerstedi citrinellus Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., XIII, 1904, p. 250.
Type locality. Pozo Azul, Pirris, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Head less blackened, limbs less yellow.
Color. Back orange; shoulder blades grayish; belly yellowish
white; groin and inner side of thighs whitish; crown of head gray
with tips of hairs blackish; arms to wrists, and legs from thighs griz-
zled grayish tinged with yellowish; hands paler orange than in S.
oerstedi; feet edged with orange, middle of metatarsus grizzled grayish
as is also the proximal end of tail.
Measurements. Total length, 765; -tail, 415; hind foot, 90.
Skull: Greatest length, 651; breadth of braincase, 36.
Genus Cebus (221).
Cebus capucinus limitaneus Hollister.
Cebus capucinus limitaneus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII,
1914, p. 105.
Type locality. Segovia River, eastern Honduras.
LASIOPYGA. 177
Color. Crown of head, neck above, entire upperparts of body,
forearms, legs and tail black; inner side of legs, and area on knees
grizzly ; entire rest of head and body, and upper side of arms beyond
elbow- cream color. Type in United States National Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 830; tail, 400. Skull: Greatest
length, 94; zygomatic width, 64.2; Type in United States National
Museum.
Family Lasiopygidae.
Subfamily Lasiopyginae.
Genus Lasiopyga.
Lasiopyga mona (Schreber).
Simla mona Schreb., Saugth., I, 1775, p. 97, pi. xv.
Cercopithecus mona Erxl., Syst. Reg. Anim., 1777, p. 30.
Lasiopyga mona Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXV, 1912, p. 93;
Elliot, Rev. Primates, II, 1913, p. 350, pi. xxxv.
Mona guenon Elliot, Rev. Primates, II, 1913, p. 350.
Type locality. "Barbary."
Geogr. Distr. Island of Grenada, West Indies (introduced);
St. Kitts (?); Jebba, River Niger; Bankana, southern Nigeria; Gold
Coast to Cameroon, West Africa.
Color. Long, upright white hairs across forehead forming a band
extending upward on head; at its base a narrow line of black; top
of head speckled yellow and black, this coloring extending downward
on to hind neck; entire upperparts and sides of body speckled rusty
red and black, darkest on lower back; cheeks and sides of head, hairs
long, gray, ringed on apical portion with yellow and black; outer side
of arms and hands black; outer side of legs black, speckled with
minute red spots; feet black; chin, throat, entire underparts and inner
side of limbs grayish white; conspicuous patch beneath tail to hips
snow white; tail above, basal third speckled red and black, yellowish
gray beneath, remainder black; ear-tufts long, speckled with greenish
yellow.
Measurements. Total length, 1.295; tail, 785; foot, ±45.' Skull:
Total length, 93.7; occipito-nasal length, 77.9; intertemporal width,
39.1; Hensel, 60.5; zygomatic width, 59.7; breadth of braincase, 52.7;
median length of nasals, 13.6; palatal length, 32.2; length of upper
molar series, 23.2; length of mandible, 59.2; length of lower molar
series, 30.
178 LASIOPYGA.
Lasiopyga callitrichus (I. Geoffrey).
Simla sab&us (nee Linn., sed Auct.).
Cercopithecus callitrichus I. Geoff., Cat. Primates, 1851, p. 23;
Reichenb., Vollstand Naturg. Affen., 1862, p. 115, fig. 288;
Schlegel, Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas (Simias), 1876, p. 73;
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 248; Forbes, Handb.
Primates, II, 1894, p. 58.
Cercopithecus sabceus (nee Linn.), Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1907, p. 726, pi. xlii, fig. i.
Lasiopyga callitrichus Elliot, Rev. Primates, II, 1913, p. 333, pi.
xxxiv (skull).
Green Guenon.
Type locality. Unknown. Type in Paris Museum (?).
Geogr. Distr. Senegambia to the Niger, Yabanda, Congo (Dy-
boski); West Africa; Island of St. Kitts; West Indies (introduced).
Genl. Char. No white brow-band; hairs on cheeks radiating from a
point.
Color. Face and ears black; top of head, upperparts of body,
flanks and limbs to elbows and knees yellowish green, the hairs gray
at base and ringed with black and yellow; forearms and legs from knee
gray; hairs ringed with white or yellowish white and black; cheeks,
sides of neck in front of ears, chin, throat, and underparts, and inner
side of limbs white; hands and feet blackish gray; tail grayish green
for two-thirds the length, the hairs brownish black ringed with yellow,
and tipped with yellowish, remainder yellow. Ex I. Geoffrey's sup-
posed type in Paris Museum.
Measurements. Total length, 1.308; tail, 762; foot, 152.4.
Skull: Total length, 1 1 7 ; occipito-nasal length, 92; Hensel, 88; zygo-
matic width, 79; intertemporal width, 42; palatal length, 52; breadth
of braincase, 54; median length of nasals, 17; length of upper molar
series, 29; length of mandible, 80; length of lower molar series, 37.
INDEX.
abbreviata, Neotoma, 71.
abrasus, Dysopes, 162.
achradophilum, Stenoderma, 172.
achradophilus, Artibeus, 172.
admiraltiae, Microtus, 75.
adocetus, Microtus oregoni, 79.
Agoutidse, 107.
Agouti paca nelsoni, 108.
agrestis, Thomomys talpoides, 84.
Akodon irazu, 68.
teguina apricus, 67.
xerampelinus, 68.
alactaga, Cuniculus, 108.
albatus, Ochotona, no.
albatus, Thomomys, 84.
albescens, Felis, 124.
albescens, Felis pardalis, 124.
albifrons, Peromyscus polionotus, 52.
albiventer, Noctilio, 160.
Alces, 13.
americanus shirasi, 13.
columbae, 13.
alexandrae, Ursus, 129.
alexandrinus, Epinomys, 42.
alfari, Sciurus, 22.
algidus, Peromyscus maniculatus, 50.
alleni, Baeodon, 158.
alleni, Reithrodontomys, 67.
alleni, Rhithrodontomys, 67.
alleni, Rhogeessa, 158.
Alouatta, 1 74.
palliata inconsonans, 174.
Alouattinae, 1 74.
altifrons, Myotis, 155.
americanus, Oreamnos americanus, 16.
ammophilus, Perognathus penicillatus,
96.
Ammospermophilus, 28.
leucurus insularis, 28.
amcenus, Rhithrodontomys, 65.
amoles, Reithrodontomys, 65.
amoles, Rhithrodontomys, 65.
angustifrons, Spilogale, 137.
animosus, Eutamias quadrivittatus, 27.
annalium, Sciurus boothiae, 21.
annectens, Ardops, 172.
Antilocapra, 15.
americana peninsularis, 15.
Antilocapridae, 15.
antiquus, Lutreola vison, 140.
Aotinae, 174.
Aotus, 174.
zonalis, 174.
apache, Thomomys, 86.
apricus, Akodon teguina, 67.
apricus, Scotinomys teguina, 67.
arcticus, Hesperomys leucopus, 48.
arcticus, Peromyscus texensis, 48.
Ardops, 171.
annectens, 172.
haitiensis, 171.
arenarius, Peromyscus subgriseus, 52.
argentatus, Peromyscus maniculatus, 48.
aridulus, Peromyscus leucopus, 53.
Ariteus, 172.
flavescens, 172.
arizonensis, Callospermophilus lateralis,
30.
arizonensis, Citellus lateralis, 30.
armatus, Loncheres, 104.
artemisias, Citellus mollis, 31.
artemisiae, Microtus (Lagurus) curtatus,
78.
Artibeus, 168.
achradophilus, 172.
aztecus, 169.
hirsutus, 170.
jamaicensis prasceps, 169.
jamaicensis richardsoni, 168.
nanus, 169.
planirostris grenadensis, 169.
turpis, 169.
arundivaga, Felis, 123.
Arvicola austerus, 76.
borealis, 81.
(Pedomys) cinnamomea, 76.
asiaticus, Sciurus striatus, 23.
Ateles pan, 175.
tricolor, 175.
Ateleus, 175.
180
INDEX.
Ateleus pan, 175.
tricolor, 175.
athabascae, Evotomys gapperi, 74.
atristriatus, Eutamias, 26.
atrogriseus, Thomomys nevadensis, 89.
audax, Mustela, 139.
audax, Putorius, 139.
auritus, Chrotopterus, 165.
auritus, Vampyrus, 165.
austerus, Arvicola, 76.
austerus, Microtus, 76.
austratis, Zapus luteus, 104.
avius, Peromyscus eremicus, 45.
awahnee, Thomomys alpinus, 86.
aztecus, Artibeus, 169.
aztecus, Philander laniger, 5.
Baeodon, 158.
alleni, 158.
baileyi, Myotis, 154.
Baiomys, 44.
Baiosciurus, 19.
Balantiopteryx, 159.
io, 159-
baliolus, Peromyscus subgriseus, 52.
Bassaricyon, 131.
richardsoni, 131.
Bassariscus, 130.
astutus insulicola, 130.
astutus nevadensis, 131.
astutus palmarius, 130.
bennettii, Lepus, 122.
bennettii, Lepus californicus, 122.
bennettii, Phyllostoma, 164.
bernardinus, Microtus mordax, 77.
bistriata, Isothrix, 106.
Blarina, 148.
brevicauda talpoides, 148.
olivaceus, 149.
bombifrons, Phyllonycteris, 173.
bombycinus, Oryzomys, 58.
bombycinus, Perognathus, 95.
borealis, Arvicola, 81.
borealis, Peromyscus maniculatus, 48.
borealis, Synaptomys, 81.
Bovidae, 1 6.
Brachyphylla, 168.
minor, 168.
brachyura, Didelphys, 4.
Bradipodidae, 8.
Bradypus, 8.
ignavus, 8.
breviauritus, Onychomys leucogaster, 43.
bullatus, Synaptomys (Mictomys), 81.
bullatus, Thomomys talpoides, 84.
cacodemus, Eutamias pallidus, 25.
caecator, Castor, 41.
calif orniana, Ovis cervina, 16.
calif ornianus, Ovis, 16.
californicus, Molossus, 162, 163.
californicus, Procyon lotor, 134.
californicus, Scalops, 152.
californicus, Scapanus, 152.
callitrichus, Cercopithecus, 178.
callitrichus, Lasiopyga, 178.
Callospermophilus, 29.
lateralis arizonensis, 30.
trepidus, 29.
campestris, Mustela, 141.
cancrivorus, Ursus, 135.
Canidae, 125.
Canis, 125.
floridanus, 126.
gigas, 125.
jamesi, 125.
lycaon, 125.
nebrascensis texensis, 126.
tundrarum, 125.
canus, Thomomys, 87.
capitaneus, Myotis, 156.
capitulatus, Onychomys leucogaster, 42.
Capromyinae, 106.
Capromys, 106.
pilorides relictus, 106.
caracciolae, Vampyrodes, 170.
carissima, Myotis, 154.
carmeni, Peromyscus eremicus, 46.
Carnivora, 123.
carrikeri, Oryzomys, 59.
caryi, Eutamias minimus, 27.
caryi, Scalopus aquaticus, 150.
caryi, Thomomys talpoides, 84.
cascadensis, Lepus bairdi, 122.
cascadensis, Marmota caligata, 38.
Castor, 39-41.
caecator, 41.
canadensis leucodontus, 40.
canadensis mexicanus, 40.
canadensis michiganensis, 40.
canadensis phaeus, 39.
canadensis texensis, 39.
subauratus, 39.
Castoridae, 39.
INDEX.
181
Cebidas, 174.
Cebinse, 175.
Cebus, 176.
capucinus limitaneus, 176.
cedrophilus, Sylvilagus auduboni, 116.
Cetacea, 10.
centralis, Centronycteris, 160.
centralis, Philander, 4.
centralis, Saccopteryx bilineata, 158.
Centronycteris, 160.
centralis, 160.
Cercopithecus callitrichus, 178.
mona, 177.
sabeeus, 178.
Cervidae, n.
Cervinag, u.
Cervus rufus, 14.
tarandus, 12.
Chaeronycteris, 168.
godmani, 168.
Chaetodipus, 96.
chamula, Neotoma ferruginea, 71.
chiapensis, Dasyprocta punctata, 107.
chiapensis, Reithrodontomys fulvescens,
66.
chiapensis, Rhithrodontomys fulvescens,
66.
Chilonycterinae, 163.
Chilonycteris, 163.
parnelli, 1:63.
Chilotus, 79.
chiriquensis, Odocoileus rothschildi, 13.
chiriquensis, Odontoccelus rothschildi, 13.
Chiroderma, 171.
isthmicum, 171.
Chironectes, i.
panamensis, I.
Chiroptera, 154.
choco, Sciurus variabilis, 19.
Chrotopterus, 165.
auritus, 165.
chrysomelas, Neotoma, 73.
chrysomelas, Zygodontomys, 61.
chrysonotus, Thomomys, 87.
cinereus, Eutamias cinereicollis, 26.
cinereus, Sorex, 148.
cinnamomea, Arvicola (Pedomys), 76.
cinnamomea, Ochotona, in.
cinnamomina, Ondatra zibethica, 80.
Citellus, 28.
canus vigilis, 31.
idahoensis, 30.
Citellus lateralis arizonensis, 30.
lateralis tescorum, 29.
leucurus insularis, 28.
leurodon, 31.
mollis artemisiae, 31.
mollis pessimus, 32.
mollis washoensis, 32.
trepidus, 29.
tridecemlineatus hollisteri, 28.
variegatus juglans, 33.
citrinellus, Saimiri cerstedi, 176.
clarus, Onychomys to nidus, 42.
dementis, Peromyscus maniculatus, 51.
dementis, Peromyscus texanus, 51.
cognatus, Sylvilagus, 115.
Colobotis, 30.
columbae, Alces, 13.
columbiae, Oreamnos americanus, 16.
columbianus, Oreamnos montanus, 16.
concava, Lonchophylla, 167.
Conepatus, 136.
mesoleucus telmalestes, 137.
nicaraguae, 136.
tropicalis trichurus, 137.
conscius, Heteromys australis, 100.
copei, Perognathus flavescens, 95.
coronarius, Microtus, 78.
costaricensis, Mustela, 139.
cowani, Ovis, 18.
cozumelae, Mimon, 164.
crassidens, Procyon lotor, 133.
crassirostris, Heteromys, 100.
cratodon, Dipodomys spectabilis, 92.
Cricetinae, 42.
Cryptotis, 148.
frontalis, 149.
gracilis, 148.
merus, 149.
olivaceus, 149.
pergracilis macer, 148.
cunicularius, Lepus, 114.
cunicularius, Sylvilagus, 114.
Cuniculus, 1 08.
alactaga, 108.
cauda longissima, 108.
paca, 1 08.
paca nelsoni, 108.
dariensis, Dasyprocta punctata, 107.
dariensis, Macrogeomys, 83.
darlingi, Isothrix, 106.
Dasypodidae, 8.
182
INDEX.
Dasypodinae, 8.
Dasyprocta, 107.
punctata chiapensis, 107.
punctata dariensis, 107.
punctata yucatanica, 107.
Dasypus, 8.
novemcinctus, 8.
novemcinctus fenestratus, 8.
novemcinctus hoplites, 9.
novemcinctus texanus, 9.
debilis, Molossus, 161.
dentaneus, Metachirus nudicaudatus, 6.
devius, Vulpes macrotis, 127.
diazi, Romerolagus, 112.
Dicrostonyx, 81.
hudsonius grcenlandicus, 81.
Didelphiidae, i. ,
Didelphis, 7.
marsupialis insularis, 7.
philander, 4.
Didelphys brachyura, 4.
dilatus, Scapanus, 152.
dimidiatus, Nectomys, 55.
Dipodomyinae, 90.
Dipodomys, 90.
insularis, 90.
margaritae, 90.
merriami kernensis, 90.
nelsoni, 91.
platycephalus, 91.
spectabilis cratodon, 92.
Dirias, 160.
minor, 160.
dispar, Neotoma fuscipes, 69.
dispar, Sorex, 146.
divergens, Odobenus, 144.
divergens, Odontobaenus, 144.
divergens, Trichechus, 144.
Dolichophyllum, 164.
macrophyllum, 164.
domesticus, Rattus, 41.
Dysopes abrasus, 162.
Echinosciurus, 20.
Edentata, 8.
efficax, Nectomys alfari, 55.
elymocetes, Microtus, 76.
Emballonuridae, 158.
endcecus, Microtus operarius, 78.
eogroenlandicus, Thalarctos, 129.
Epimys, 41.
Epinomys, 41.
Epinomys alexandrinus, 42.
norwegicus, 42.
rattus, 42.
Eptesicus, 157.
fuscus pallidus, 157.
pallidus, 157.
eremus, Peromyscus maniculatus, 48.
Erignathus, 144.
barbatus nauticus, 144.
Erophylla, 173.
santa-cristobalensis, 173.
escuinapae, Heteromys pictus, 101.
escuinapae, Liomys pictus, 101.
Eumops, 162.
Euprocyon, 135.
cancrivorus panamensis, 135.
Eutamias, 23.
amcemus propinquus, 24.
atristriatus, 26.
cinereicollis cinereus, 26.
ludibundus, 23.
merriami meridionalis, 23.
minimus caryi, 27.
nexus, 24.
pallidus cacodemus, 25.
quadrivittatus animosus, 27.
Evotomys, 74.
dawsoni insularis, 74.
gapperi athabascae, 74.
limitis, 75.
phaeus, 74.
excelsifrons, Rangifer, n.
exiguus, Sylvilagus bachmani, 119.
Felidae, 123.
Felis, 123.
albescens, 124,
arundivaga, 123.
improcera, 123.
pardalis albescens, 124.
pirrensis, 124.
fenestratus, Dasypus novemcinctus, 8.
fenisex, Ochotona, no.
fervidus, Philander laniger, 5.
Fiber zibethicus cinnamominus, 80.
figginsi, Ochotona, in.
flavescens, Ariteus, 172.
flavescens, Istiophorus, 172.
floridanus, Canis, 126.
fontinalis, Sorex, 146.
fortidens, Rangifer, 12.
fortis, Molossus, 161.
INDEX.
183
frontalis, Cryptotis, 149.
frontalis, Oryzomys, 59.
fumeus, Ototylomys, 56.
fuscatus, Heteromys, 99.
fuscipes, Procyon lotor, 133.
fuscogriseus, Onychomys leucogaster, 43.
gaillardi, Ovis canadensis, 16.
gatunensis, Oryzomys, 60.
gaumeri, Marmosa, 3.
Geomyidag, 81.
Geomys, 81.
breviceps llanensis, 81.
gigas, Canis, 125.
gigas, Lupus, 125.
glaucinus, Dysopes, 162.
Glossophaga, 166, 167.
leachii, 167.
longirostris rostrata, 166.
rostrata, 166.
soricina leachii, 167.
Glossophaginae, 166.
godmani, Chseronycteris, 1 68.
goethalsi, Hoplomys, 105.
goldmani, Sigmodon minimus, 57.
gracilis, Cryptotis, 148.
grenadensis, Artibeus planirostris, 169.
grinnelli, Scapanus latimanus, 153.
grisescens, Myotis, 1 54.
griseus, Reithrodontomys, 64.
griseus, Rhithrodontomys, 64.
griseus, Sigmodon hispidus, 56.
groenlandicus, Dicrostonyx hudsonius, 81.
groenlandicus, Mus. 81.
guardia, Peromyscus, 47.
guatemalas, Ototylomys, 56.
guenon, Mona, 177.
Guerlinguetus, 19.
guerrerensis, Liomys, 103.
haitiensis, Ardops, 171.
halicoetes, Reithrodontomys, 64.
halicoetes, Rhithrodontomys, 64.
halicoetes, Sorex, 147.
Haplomylomys, 45.
helveolus, Sciurus variegatoides, 21.
Hemiderma, 166.
subrufum, 166.
Hemiderrriinae, 166.
Hesperomys leucodactylus, 68.
leucopus arcticus, 48.
leucopus nebrascensis, 49.
Hesperomys sonoriensis var. nebrascen-
sis, 49.
teguina, 67.
Heterogeomys, 82.
lanius, 82.
Heteromyidae, 90.
Heteromyinae, 94.
Heteromys, 98.
australis conscius, 100.
crassirostris, 100.
fuscatus, 99.
jaliscensis, 102.
panamensis, 99.
pictus escuinapae, 101.
temporalis, 99.
vulcani, 101.
zonalis, 98.
hirsutum, Schizostoma, 170.
hirsutus, Artibeus, 170.
hitchensi, Sylvilagus floridanus, 112.
hollisteri, Citellus tridecemlineatus, 28.
hollisteri, Peromyscus maniculatus, 51.
hoplites, Dasypus novemcinctus, 9.
Hoplomys, 105.
goethalsi, 105.
truei, 105.
howelli, Scalopus aquaticus, 151.
humilis, Mus, 63.
humulis, Mus, 63.
humulis, Reithrodontomys, 63.
humulis, Rhithrodontomys, 63.
Hydrochcerus, 109.
isthmius, 109.
hydrochcerus, Sus, 109.
hylaeus, Peromyscus, 49.
Hypudaeus ochrogaster, 76.
Icticyon, 127.
panamensis, 127.
venaticus, 127.
Ictidomys, 28.
idahoensis, Citellus, 30.
idoneus, Melanomys, 62.
idoneus, Oryzomys, 62.
idoneus, Zygodontomys, 61.
jaliscensis, Heteromys, 102.
jamesi, Canis, 125.
jucensis, Sorex californicus, 146.
juglans, Citellus variegatus, 33.
jugularis, Nyctinomus, 162.
184
INDEX.
kenaiensis, Ursus americanus, 128.
kernensis, Dipodomys merriami, 90.
labradorensis, Thalarctos, 129.
laceianus, Peromyscus pectoralis, 54.
Lagomorpha, no.
Lagomys minimus, no.
lagunse, Peromyscus truei, 54.
lagunae, Sorex, 145.
lanius, Heterogeomys, 82.
Lasiopyga, 177, 178.
callitrichus, 178.
mona, 177.
Lasiopygidae, 177.
Lasiopyginae, 177.
latidens, Lutra, 142.
latimanus, Scalops, 152.
latimanus, Scapanus, 152.
leachii, Glossophaga, 167.
leachii, Glossophaga soricina, 167.
leachii, Monophyllus, 167.
lecontei, Rhithrodontomys, 63.
lecontii, Mus,.63.
Leporidag, 112.
Lepus, 121.
alleni tiburonensis, 121.
bairdi cascadensis, 122.
bennettii, 122.
calif ornicus bennettii, 122.
calif ornicus magdalenae, 121.
cunicularius, 114.
pinetis robustus, 118.
verae-crucis, 115.
lesueuri, Sorex personatus, 146.
letifera, Mustela vison, 141.
leucodactylus, Hesperomys, 68.
leucodontus, Castor canadensis, 40.
leucogenys, Sorex, 145.
leurodon, Citellus, 31.
levis, Ochotona, in.
limitaneus, Cebus capucinus, 176.
limitis, Evotomys, 75.
Liomys, 101.
guerrerensis, 103.
irroratus jaliscensis, 102.
irroratus pretiosus, 102.
pictus escuinapae, 101.
vulcani, 101.
littoralis, Sciurus socialis, 20.
littoralis, Sylvilagus aquaticus, 119.
litus, Perognathus fasciatus, 94.
llanensis, Geomys breviceps, 81.
Loncheres, 104.
armatus, 104.
Loncherinae, 104.
Lonchophylla, 167.
concava, 167.
mordax, 167.
robusta, 167.
longissima, Cuniculus cauda, 108.
loringi, Thomomys fuscus, 89.
louisianae, Odocoelus virginianus, 14.
louisianae, Odontocoelus americanus, 14.
ludibundus, Eutamias, 23.
Lupus gigas, 125.
luteola, Marmota flaviventer, 36.
luteolus, Reithrodontomys rufescens, 66.
luteolus, Rhithrodontomys rufescens, 66.
luteus, Peromyscus, 49.
luteus, Zapus, 103.
Lutra, 142.
latidens, 142.
periclyzomae, 143.
repanda, 143.
Lutreola, 140.
macrodon, 140.
vison antiquus, 140.
Lutrinae, 142.
lycaon, Canis, 125.
macer, Cryptotis pergracilis, 148.
machrinoides, Scalopus aquaticus, 150.
macrodens, Phoca ochotensis, 144.
macrodon, Lutreola, 140.
macrodon, Mustela, 140.
Macrogeomys, 83.
dariensis, 83.
matagalpae, 83.
macrophonius, Mustela, 139.
macrophonius, Putorius, 139.
Macrophyllum, 164.
neuwiedii, 164.
macrophyllum, Dolichophyllum, 164.
macro phyllum, Phyllostoma, 164.
Macro tolagus, 121.
macrurus, Sorex, 146.
magdalenas, Lepus calif ornicus, 121.
magdalenae, Perognathus spinatus, 98.
magdalenae, Peromyscus maniculatus, 51.
magdalenae, Thomomys, 87.
major, Vampyrodes, 170.
mansuetus, Sylvilagus, 120.
margaritae, Dipodomys, 90.
margaritae, Peromyscus maniculatus, 50.
INDEX.
185
mariposae, Sorex montereyensis, 147.
Marmosa, i.
cinerea nicaraguae, 6.
gaumeri, 3.
invicta, 3.
isthmica, 2.
mayensis, 3.
ruatanica, I .
zeledoni, 2.
Marmota, 33.
caligata cascadensis, 38.
caligata nivaria, 38.
caligata sheldoni, 38.
flaviventer luteola, 36.
flavi venter nosophora, 35.
flaviventer obscura, 37.
flaviventer parvula, 35.
flaviventer warreni, 37.
monax preblorum, 35.
monax rufescens, 34.
ochracea, 33.
oxytona, 34.
sibila, 34.
vancouverensis, 33.
vigilis, 33.
Marsupialia, i.
matagalpa, Sciurus deppei, 19.
matagalpas, Macrogeomys, 83.
mayensis, Marmosa, 3.
Mazama, 14.
tema reperticia, 14.
mearnsi, Thomomys, 88.
Megadontomys, 45.
Melanomys, 61.
idoneus, 62.
melanops, Peramys, 4.
melanurus, Peromyscus megalops, 54.
Melinas, 136.
mergens, Ondatra zibethica, 80.
meridionals, Eutamias merriami, 23.
merus, Cryptotis, 149.
mesomelas, Peromyscus leucopus, 53.
mesomelas, Peromyscus texensis, 53.
Mesoplodon, 10.
mirum, 10.
messorius, Sylvilagus, gabbi, 114.
Metachirus, 6.
nudicaudatus dentaneus, 6.
mewa, Thomomys, 88.
mexicanus, Castor canadensis, 40.
michiganensis, Castor canadensis, 40.
microdon, Spilogale, 138.
Microlagus, 119.
micronyx, Myotis, 156.
Microsciurus, 22.
alfari venustulus, 22.
isthmius vivatus, 22.
Microsorex, 147.
winnemana, 147.
Microtinas, 74.
Microtus, 75.
admiraltiae, 75.
austerus, 76.
coronarius, 78.
elymocetes, 76.
intermedius, 79.
(Lagurus) curtatus artemisise, 78.
(Lagurus) intermedius, 79.
miurus, 75.
miurus oreas, 76.
mordax bernardinus, 77.
ochrogaster, 76.
operarius endcecus, 78.
oregoni adocetus, 79.
provectus, 77.
Mimon, 164.
cozumelae, 164.
minimus, Lagomys, no.
minimus, Ochotona, no.
minor, Brachyphylla, 168.
minor, Dirias, 160.
minor, Procyon, 132.
minor, Thomomys bottae, 86.
minuta, Vampyressa, 170.
minutus, Mormopterus, 162.
minutus, Nyctinomus, 162.
mirum, Mesoplodon, 10.
missoulae, Oreamnos americanus, 16.
missoulae, Oreamnos montanus, 16.
miurus, Microtus, 75.
modestus, Reithrodontomys, 63.
Molossidse, 161.
Molossops, 162.
planirostris, 162.
Molossus, 161.
calif ornicus, 162.
debilis, 161.
fortis, 161.
planirostris, 162.
sinaloae, 161.
temminckii, 162.
verrilli, 161.
mona, Cercopithecus, 177.
Mona guenon, 177.
186
INDEX.
mona, Lasiopyga, 177.
mona, Simia, 177.
Monophyllus leachii, 167.
montanus, Ovis, 16.
Mormopterus, 162.
minutus, 162.
morroensis, Perodipus, 93.
mortigena, Mustela cicognanii, 139.
Muridae, 41.
Murinae, 41.
Mus, 41.
groenlandicus, 81.
humilis, 63.
humulis, 63.
lecontii, 63.
musculus, 41.
polionotus, 52.
rattus, 41.
sqtramipes, 55.
musculus, Mus, 41.
Mustela, 139.
arctica polaris, 139.
audax, 139.
campestris, 141.
cicognanii mortigena, 139.
costaricensis, 139.
(Lutreola) vulgivaga, 140.
macrodon, 140.
macrophonius, 139.
peninsulas olivacea, 142.
Mustela primulina, 141.
vison letifera, 141.
vison nesolestes, 140.
vison vulgivaga, 140.
Mustelidae, 136.
Mustelinae, 138.
mustelinus, Reithrodontomys fulvescens,
66.
mustelinus, Rhithrodontomys fulvescens,
66.
Myotis, 154.
altifrons, 155.
baileyi, 154.
capitaneus, 156.
carissima, 154.
grisescens, 154.
micronyx, 156.
occultus, 155.
pernox, 155.
vivesi, 157.
winnemana, 156.
yumanensis, 157.
nanus, Artibeus, 169.
nanus, Promops, 163.
naso, Rhynchiscus, 159.
naso, Vespertilio, 158.
nautica, Phoca, 144.
nautica, Phoca barbata, 144.
nauticus, Erignathus barbatus, 144.
nauticus, Philander laniger, 5.
Neacomys, 62.
pictus, 62.
nebrascensis, Hesperomys leucopus, 49.
nebrascensis, Hesperomys sonoriensis,
49-
nebrascensis, Peromyscus maniculatus,
49-
nebrascensis, Peromyscus texensis, 49.
nebulosus, Thomomys talpoides, 85.
Nectomys, 55.
alfari efficax, 55.
dimidiatus, 55.
neglectus, Perognathus longimembris,
96.
neglectus, Thomomys, 88.
Nelomys armatus, 104.
nelsoni, Agouti paca, 108.
nelsoni, Cuniculus paca, 108.
nelsoni, Dipodomys, 91.
nelsoni, Perognathus spinatus, 97.
nelsoni, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, 66.
nelsoni, Rhithrodontomys fulvescens, 66.
nelsoni, Romerolagus, 112.
neomexicanus, Sorex obscurus, 145.
neomexicanus, Sylvilagus auduboni, 117.
Neotoma, 68.
abbreviata, 71.
albigula sen, 72.
albigula warreni, 72.
albigula zacatecae, 72.
chrysomelas, 73.
ferruginea chamula, 71.
floridana illinoensis, 69.
fuscipes dispar, 69.
fuscipes simplex, 68.
insularis, 73.
intermedia perpallida, 70.
intermedia pretiosa, 69.
intermedia vicina, 70.
leucodon zacatecae, 72.
macrotis simplex, 68.
Neotominae, 68.
nesolestes, Mustela vison, 140.
neuwiedii, Macrophyllum, 164.
INDEX.
187
nevadensis, Bassariscus astutus, 131.
nexus, Eutamias, 24.
nexus, Tamias, 24.
nicaraguae, Conepatus, 136.
nicaraguae, Marmosa cinerea, 6.
nicaraguae, Oryzomys, 60.
nicaraguae, Philander, 6.
nichollsi, Stenoderma, 171.
nigrescens, Ochotona, no.
nigrescens, Reithrodontomys megalotis,
65.
nigrescens, Rhithrodontomys megalotis,
65-
nivaria, Marmota caligata, 38.
Noctilio albiventer, 160.
Noctilionidae, 160.
norwegicus, Epinomys, 42.
nosophora, Marmota flaviventer, 35.
novemcinctus, Dasypus, 8.
Nyctinomus jugularis, 162.
minutus, 162.
orthotis, 163.
obesus, Odontobaenus, 144.
obesus, Trichechus, 144.
obscura, Marmota flaviventer, 37.
obscurus, Vespertilio, 157.
occultus, Myotis, 155.
occultus, Perognathus spinatus, 97.
occultus, Scapanus latimanus, 152.
Ochotona, no.
albatus, no.
cinnamomea, in.
fenisex, no.
figginsi, in.
levis, in.
minimus, no.
nigrescens, no.
taylori, in.
uinta, in.
Ochotonidae, no.
ochracea, Marmota, 33.
ochraceus, Oryzomys, 60.
ochraceus, Peromyscus leucopus, 53.
ochraceus, Procyon lotor, 134.
ochrogaster, Hypudaeus, 76.
ochrogaster, Microtus, 76.
Octodontidae, 104.
Odobenus divergens, 144.
Odoccelus virginianus louisianae, 14.
Odocoileus rothschildi chiriquensis, 13.
Odontobaenidae, 144.
Odontobaenus, 144.
divergens, 144.
obesus, 144.
Odontocoelus, 13.
americanus louisianae, 14.
rothschildi chiriquensis, 13.
olivacea, Mustela peninsulas, 142.
olivaceus, Blarina, 149.
olivaceus, Cryptotis, 149.
Ondatra, 79, 80.
zibethica cinnamomina, 80.
zibethica mergens, 80.
zibethica zalophus, 79.
Onychomys, 42.
leucogaster breviauritus, 43.
leucogaster capitulatus, 42.
leucogaster fuscogriseus, 43.
torridus clarus, 42.
Oreamnos, 16.
americanus americanus, 16.
americanus columbiae, 16.
americanus missoulae, 16.
montanus columbianus, 16.
montanus missoulae, 16.
oreas, Microtus miurus, 76.
orinomus, Bassaricyon gabbi, 131.
Orthogeomys, 82.
cuniculus, 82.
orthotis, Nyctinomus, 163.
Oryzomys, 58.
alfari incertus, 58.
bombycinus, 58.
carrikeri, 59.
frontalis, 59.
gatunensis, 60.
idoneus, 62.
nicaraguae, 60.
ochraceus, 60.
phaeopus, 61.
pirrensis, 58.
richardsoni, 61.
spinosus, 62.
osgoodi, Peromyscus maniculatus, 49.
Otospermophilus, 33.
Ototylomys, 56.
fumeus, 56.
guatemalae, 56.
Ovis, 1 6.
calif ornianus, 16.
canadensis gaillardi, 16.
canadensis texianus, 17.
cervina calif orniana, 16.
188
INDEX.
Ovis cervina sierrae, 17.
cervina texana, 17.
cowani, 18.
montanus, 16.
oxytona, Marmota, 34.
paca, Cuniculus, 108.
panamensis, Chironectes, i.
panamensis, Heteromys, 99.
panamensis, Icticyon, 127.
panamensis, Ursus cancrivorus, 135.
pallidus, Eptesicus, 157.
pallidus, Eptesicus fuscus, 157.
palmarius, Bassariscus astutus, 130.
pan, Ateles, 175.
pan, Ateleus, 175.
parnelli, Chilonycteris, 163.
parnellii, Phyllodia, 163.
parvula, Marmota flaviventer, 35.
parvus, Sorex, 148.
Pecari, n.
peninsularis, Antilocapra americana, 15.
peninsularis, Perodipus simulans, 93.
Peramys, 4.
melanops, 4.
periclyzomae, Lutra, 143.
perniger, Perognathus flavescens, 94.
perniger, Ursus americanus, 128.
pernox, Myotis, 155.
Perodipus, 92, 93.
morroensis, 93.
perplexus, 92.
simulans peninsularis, 93.
stephensi, 93.
Perognathus, 94.
baileyi insularis, 96.
bombycinus, 95.
fasciatus litus, 94.
flavescens copei, 95.
flavescens perniger, 94.
longimembris neglectus, 96.
penicillatus ammophilus, 96.
penicillatus seri, 97.
penicillatus siccus, 97.
spinatus magdalenae, 98.
spinatus nelsoni, 97.
spinatus occultus, 97.
xanthonotus, 96.
Peromyscus, 44.
eremicus avius, 45.
eremicus carmeni, 46.
.eremicus insulicola, 45.
Peromyscus eremicus polypolius, 46
guardia, 47.
leucopus aridulus, 53.
leucopus mesomelas, 53.
leucopus ochraceus, 53.
luteus, 49.
maniculatus algidus, 50.
maniculatus argentatus, 48.
maniculatus borealis, 48.
maniculatus dementis, 51.
maniculatus eremus, 48.
maniculatus hollisteri, 51.
maniculatus hylaeus, 49.
maniculatus magdalenae, 51.
maniculatus margaritae, 50.
maniculatus nebrascensis, 49.
maniculatus osgoodi, 49.
megalops melanurus, 54.
pectoralis laceianus, 54.
pirrensis, 45.
polionotus, 52.
polionotus albifrons, 52.
stephani, 47.
subgriseus arenarius, 52.
subgriseus baliolus, 52.
taylori analogus, 44.
taylori subater, 44.
texanus dementis, 51.
texensis arcticus, 48.
texensis mesomelas, 53.
texensis nebrascensis, 49.
truei lagunse, 54.
Peropteryx, 160.
canina phaea, 160.
perpallida, Neotoma intermedia, 70.
perplexus, Perodipus, 92.
pessimus, Citellus mollis, 32.
phaea, Peropteryx canina, 160.
phaeopus, Oryzomys, 61.
phaeus, Castor canadensis, 39.
phaeus, Evotomys, 74.
Philander, 4.
centralis, 4.
laniger aztecus, 5.
laniger fervidus, 5.
laniger nauticus, 5.
nicaraguae, 6.
philander, Didelphis, 4.
Phoca, 144.
barbata nautica, 144.
nautica, 144.
ochotensis macrodens, 144.
INDEX.
189
Phocidae, 144.
Phocinae, 144.
Phyllodia parnelli, 163.
Phyllonycterinae, 173.
Phyllonycteris bombifrons, 173.
santa-cristobalensis, 173.
Phyllostoma, 165.
bennetii, 164.
macrophyllum, 164.
pusillum, 170.
verrucossum, 165.
Phyllostomidae, 163.
Phyllostominae, 163.
Physeteridae, 10.
pictus, Neacomys, 62.
pirrensis, Felis, 124.
pirrensis, Oryzomys, 58.
pirrensis, Peromyscus, 45.
pita, Mazama, 14.
Pizonyx, 157.
planirostris, Molossops, 162.
platycephalus, Dipodomys, 91.
polaris, Mustela arctica, 139.
polaris, Putorius, 139.
polionotus, Mus, 52.
polionotus, Peromyscus, 52.
polypolius, Peromyscus eremicus, 46.
Potos, 136.
flavus isthmicus, 136.
praeceps, Artibeus 'jamaicensis, 169.
preblorum, Marmota monax, 35.
pretiosa, Neotoma intermedia, 69.
pretiosus, Liomys irroratus, 102.
Primates, 174.
primulina, Mustela, 141.
priscus, Rhynchiscus naso, 159.
Procyon, 132.
lotor calif ornicus, 134.
lotor crassidens, 133.
lotor fuscipes, 133.
lotor ochraceus, 134.
minor, 132.
pumilus, 132.
Procygnidae, 130.
Procyoninae, 130.
Proechimys, 104.
rubellus, 104.
Promops nanus, 163.
propinquus, Eutamias amoenus, 24.
provectus, Microtus, 77.
pryori, Thomomys, 85.
pugnax, Ursus americanus, 129.
pulcher, Scalopus aquaticus, 150.
pumilus, Procyon, 132.
pusillum, Phyllostoma, 170.
Putorius arcticus polaris, 139.
audax, 139.
macrophonius, 139,
putorius, Viverra, 137.
Rangifer, n.
caribou sylvestris, 12.
excelsifrons, u.
fortidens, 12.
raptor, Rheomys, 56.
Rattus, 41.
domesticus, 41.
rattus, Epinomys, 42.
rattus, Mus, 41.
raviventris, Reithrodontomys, 64.
raviventris, Rhithrodontomys, 64,
Reithrodontomys alleni, 67.
amoles, 65.
australis modestus, 63.
fulvescens chiapehsis, 66.
fulvescens mustelinus, 66.
fulvescens nelsoni, 66.
griseus, 64.
haliccetes, 64.
humulis, 63.
megalotis nigrescens, 65.
modestus, 63.
raviventris, 64.
rufescens luteolus, 66.
relictus, Capromys pilorides, 106.
repanda, Lutra, 143.
reperticia, Mazama tema, 14.
restrictus, Sylvilagus floridanus, 113-
Rheomys, 55.
raptor, 56.
underwoodi, 55.
Rhipidomys, 68.
scandens, 68.
Rhithrodontomys, 63,
alleni, 67.
amcenus, 65.
amoles, 65.
australis modestus, 63.
fulvescens chiapensis, 66v
fulvescens mustelinus, 66.-
fulvescens nelsoni, 66.
griseus, 64.
haliccetes, 64.
humulis, 63.
190
INDEX.
Rhithrodontomys lecontei, 63.
megalotis nigrescens, 65.
raviventris, 64.
rufescens luteolus, 66.
Rhogeessa alleni, 158.
Rhynchiscus, 158.
naso, 159.
naso priscus, 159.
Rhynchonycteris, 158.
richardsoni, Artibeus jamaicensis, 168.
richardsoni, Bassaricyon, 131.
richardsoni, Oryzomys, 61.
ringens, Spilogale, 137.
robusta, Lonchophylla, 167.
robustus, Lepus pinetis, 118.
robustus, Sylvilagus, 118.
Rodentia, 19.
Romerolagus, 112.
diazi, 112.
nelsoni, 112.
rostra ta, Glossophaga longirostris, 166.
rostrata, Glossophaga, 166.
ruatanica, Marmosa, I.
rubellus, Proechimys, 104.
rufescens, Marmota monax, 34.
rufus, Cervus, 14.
Rupicaprinae, 16.
russeolus, Thomomys bottae, 85.
sabaeus, Cercopithecus, 178.
sabaeus, Simia, 178.
Saccopteryx, 158.
bilineata centralis, 158.
Saimiri, 176.
oerstedi citrinellus, 176.
santa-cristobalensis, Erophylla, 173.
santa-cristobalensis, Phyllonycteris, 173.
saturatus, Thomomys fuscus, 89.
Scalopinae, 150.
Scalops calif ornicus, 152.
latimanus, 152.
Scalopus, 150.
aquaticus caryi, 150.
aquaticus howelli, 151.
aquaticus machrinoides, 150.
aquaticus pulcher, 150.
scandens, Rhipidomys, 68.
.Scapanus, 152.
calif ornicus, 152.
dilatus, 152.
latimanus grinnelli, 153.
Jatimanus occultus, 152.
Scapanus latimanus sericatus, 152
townsendi, 152.
Schizostoma hirsutum, 163.
schwenki, Ursus arctos, 129.
Sciuridae, 19.
Sciurinae, 19.
Sciurus, 19.
alfari, 22.
boothiae annalium, 21.
deppei matagalpa, 19.
poliopus tepicanus, 20.
socialis littoralis, 20.
striatus asiaticus, 23.
variabilis choco, 19.
variegatoides helveolus, 2 1 .
Scotinomys, 67.
irazu, 68.
teguina, 67.
xerampelinus, 68.
sequoiensis, Urocyon calif ornicus, 127.
sericatus, Scapanus latimanus, 152.
sen, Neotoma albigula, 72.
sen, Perognathus penicillatus, 97.
sheldoni, Marmota caligata, 38.
sheldoni, Ursus, 128.
shirasi, Alces americanus, 13.
sibila, Marmota, 34.
siccus, Perognathus penicillatus, 97.
sierras, Ovis cervina, 17.
Sigmodon, 56-58.
hispidus griseus, 56.
minimus goldmani, 57.
vulcani, 57.
Simia mona, 177.
sabaeus, 178.
similis, Sylvilagus floridanus, 113.
simplex, Neotoma fuscipes, 68.
sinaloae, Molossus, 161.
sinuosus, Sorex, 147.
Sitomys niveiventris subgriseus, 52.
Sorex, 145.
calif ornicus jucensis, 146.
cinereus, 148.
dispar, 146. «
fontinalis, 146.
haliccetes, 147.
lagunae, 145.
leucogenys, 145.
macrurus, 146.
montereyensis mariposae, 147.
obscurus neomexicanus, 145.
parvus, 148.
INDEX.
191
Sorex personatus lesueuri, 146.
sinuosus, 147.
talpoides, 148.
Soricidae, 145.
Spilogale, 137, 138.
angustifrons, 137.
microdon, 138.
ringens, 137.
spinosus, Oryzomys, 62.
spiradens, Tayassu albirostris, n.
squamipes, Mus, 55.
Stenoderma achradophilum, 1 72.
nichollsi, 171.
Stenoderminae, 168.
stephani, Peromyscus, 47.
Stephens!, Perodipus, 93.
subater, Peromyscus taylori, 44.
subauratus, Castor, 39.
subgriseus, Sitomys niveiventris, 52.
subrufum, Hemi derma, 166.
Sus hydrochoerus, 109.
torquatus, n.
sylvestris, Rangifer caribou, 12.
Sylvilagus, 112.
aquaticus littoralis, 119.
auduboni cedrophilus, 116.
auduboni neomexicanus, 117.
auduboni vallicola, 115.
auduboni warreni, 117.
bachmani exiguus, 119.
cognatus, 115.
cunicularius, 114.
floridanus hitchen^i, 112.
floridanus restrictus, 113.
floridanus similis, 113.
gabbi messorius, 114.
mansuetus, 120.
robustus, 1 1 8.
Synaptomys, 81.
borealis, 81.
(Mictomys) bullatus, 81.
Tagassuidae, 1 1 .
Talpidae, 150.
talpoides, Blarina brevicauda, 148.
talpoides, Sorex, 148.
Tamias nexus, 24.
Tapeti, 119.
tarandus, Cervus, 12.
Tatu novemcinctum texanum, 9.
Tayassu albirostris spiradens, II.
taylori, Ochotona, ill.
Tayra, 138.
barbara inserta, 138.
teguina, Hesperomys, 67.
teguina, Scotinomys, 67.
telmalestes, Conepatus mesoleucus, 137.
temminckii, Molossus, 162.
temporalis, Heteromys, 99.
tepicanus, Sciurus poliopus, 20.
tescorum, Citellus lateralis, 29.
texana, Ovis cervina, 17.
texanum, Tatu novemcinctum, 9.
texanus, Dasypus novemcinctus, 9.
texensis, Canis nebrascensis, 126.
texensis, Castor canadensis, 39.
texianus, Ovis canadensis, 17.
Thalarctos, 129.
eogrcenlandicus, 129.
labradorensis, 129.
maritimus ungavensis, 129.
Thomomys, 84.
albatus, 84.
alpinus awahnee, 86.
apache, 86.
bottae minor, 86.
bottae russeolus, 85.
canus, 87.
chrysonotus, 87.
fuscus loringi, 89.
fuscus saturatus, 89.
magdalenae, 87.
mearnsi, 88.
mewa, 88.
neglectus, 88.
nevadensis atrogriseus, 89.
pryori, 85.
talpoides agrestis, 84.
talpoides bullatus, 84.
talpoides caryi, 84.
talpoides nebulosus, 85.
tiburonensis, Lepus alleni, 121.
torquatus, Sus, 1 1 .
townsendi, Scapanus, 152.
trepidus, Callospermophilus, 29.
trepidus, Citellus, 29.
Trichechus divergens, 144.
obesus, 144.
trichurus, Conepatus tropicalis, 137.
tricolor, Ateles, 175.
tricolor, Ateleus, 175.
truei, Hoplomys, 105.
tundrarum, Canis, 125.
turpis, Artibeus, 169.
192
INDEX.
uinta, Ochotona, in.
underwoodi, Rheomys, 55.
ungavensis, Thalarctos maritimus, 129.
Ungulata, u.
Urocyon, 127.
calif ornicus sequoiensis, 127.
Ursidas, 128.
Ursinae, 128.
Ursus, 128.
alexandrae, 129.
americanus kenaiensis, 128.
americanus perniger, 128.
americanus pugnax, 128.
arctos schwenki, 129.
cancrivorus, 135.
sheldoni, 128.
vallicola, Sylvilagus auduboni, 115.
Vampyressa, 170.
minuta, 170.
Vampyrodes, 170.
caracciolae, 170.
major, 170.
Vampyrus auritus, 165.
vancouverensis, Marmota, 33.
venaticus, Icticyon, 127.
ventriosus, Zygodontomys cherriei, 63.
venustulus, Microsciurus alfari, 22.
verae-crucis, Lepus, 115.
verrilli, Molossus, 161.
verrucossum, Phyllostoma, 165.
Vespertilio naso, 158.
obscurus, 157.
yumanensis, 157.
Vespertilionidae, 1 54.
Vespertilioninae, 154.
vicina, Neotoma intermedia, 70.
vigilis, Citellus canus, 31.
vigilis, Marmota, 33.
vivatus, Microsciurus isthmius, 22.
Viverra putorius, 137.
vivesi, Myotis, 157.
vulcani, Heteromys, 101.
vulcani, Liomys, 101.
vulcani, Sigmodon, 57.
vulgivaga, Mustela, 140.
vulgivaga, Mustela vison, 140.
Vulpes, 127.
macrotis devius, 127.
warreni, Marmota flaviventer, 37.
warreni, Neotoma albigula, 72.
warreni, Sylvilagus auduboni, 117.
washoensis, Citellus mollis, 32.
winnemana, Microsorex, 147.
winnemana, Myotis, 156.
xanthonotus, Perognathus, 96.
Xenostenes, 163.
xerampelinus, Akodon, 68.
xerampelinus, Scotinomys, 68.
yucatanica, Dasyprocta punctata, 107.
yumanensis, Myotis, 157.
yumanensis. Vespertilio, 157.
zacatecae, Neotoma albigula, 72.
zacatecas, Neotoma leucodon, 72.
zalophus, Ondatra zibethica, 79.
Zapodidae, 103.
Zapodinae, 103.
Zapus, 103, 104.
luteus, 103.
luteus australis, 104.
zeledoni, Marmosa, 2.
zonalis, Aotus, 174.
zonalis, Heteromys, 98.
Zygodontomys, 61, 63.
cherriei ventriosus, 63.
chrysomelas, 61.
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